Jonathan A. Perkins

TL;DR: The multidisciplinary team agreed on a number of recommendations that arose from a review of existing evidence, including when to treat complicated IH; contraindications and pretreatment evaluation protocols; propranolol use in PHACE syndrome; formulation, target dose, and frequency of proPRanolol; initiation of propr ethanol in infants; cardiovascular monitoring; ongoing monitoring; and prevention of hypoglycemia.

TL;DR: Most individuals from Boston Children's Hospital who had isolated LM or LM as part of a syndrome were somatic mosaic for PIK3CA mutations, with 5 specific PIK 3CA mutations accounting for ∼ 80% of cases.

TL;DR: Pediatric tracheotomy is associated with significant variation in rates and outcomes across the United States and across different hospital types.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of lymphatic malformation medical, sclerotherapy, and surgical treatment is summarized to highlight areas of treatment controversy and treatment difficulty that need improvement.

TL;DR: Clinical research has expanded and refined the authors' diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with lymphatic malformations and further identification of genes selectively expressed by lymphatic endothelium should facilitate identification of usable vascular markers that can enable analysis of the underlying biology, physiology, pathology, and treatment of the lymphatic system and its mal Formations.