[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

The emergence of semiconductor nanocrystals as the building blocks of nanotechnology has opened up new ways to utilize them in next generation solar cells. This paper focuses on the recent developments in the utilization of semiconductor quantum dots for light energy conversion. Three major ways to utilize semiconductor dots in solar cell include (i) metal−semiconductor or Schottky junction photovoltaic cell (ii) polymer−semiconductor hybrid solar cell, and (iii) quantum dot sensitized solar cell. Modulation of band energies through size control offers new ways to control photoresponse and photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. Various strategies to maximize photoinduced charge separation and electron transfer processes for improving the overall efficiency of light energy conversion are discussed. Capture and transport of charge carriers within the semiconductor nanocrystal network to achieve efficient charge separation at the electrode surface remains a major challenge. Directing the future resear...

http://wiki.phy.queensu.ca/shughes/images/d/d1/Quantum_Dot_Solar_Cells._Semiconductor_Nanocrystals_as_Light_Harvesters.pdf

Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light Harvesters

Transparent conductors as solar energy materials: A panoramic review

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) has been considered as a strong alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices based on semiconductors such as silicon or compound semiconductors. The barrier layer functioned by the use of an electrode consisting of two different conduction band potentials is very effective in increasing the photovoltaic performance of a DSC. Especially, zinc oxide (ZnO) is very effective as a barrier layer because it has a higher energy level of the conduction band than TiO2and good contact with TiO2 and dye molecules. We tried to fabricate the ZnO barrier layer using zinc acetate aqueous solution by the dip-coating method, although ZnO film is usually fabricated by chemical vapor deposition or sputter deposition. The experimental parameters were optimized to achieve an effective ZnO barrier layer. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction pattern were measured to analyze the ZnO layer. The photovoltaic performance of a completed DSC with an optimized ZnO barrier layer was measured and compared with that of a conventional DSC. Consequently, a DSC with a ZnO barrier layer had an increased VOC up to 0.85 V and an enhanced efficiency of 4.05%.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-8949/2010/T139/014029/pdf

Enhancement in the photovoltaic performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell by an optimized ZnO barrier layer

The vibration of the layered cylindrical shells filled with a quiescent, incompressible, and inviscid fluid is analyzed. The governing equations of the cylindrical shells are derived by Love’s approximation. The solutions of the displacement functions are assumed in a separable form to obtain a system of coupled differential equations in terms of the displacement functions. The displacement functions are approximated by Bickley-type splines. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for the frequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of the spline coefficients. Two layered shells with three different types of materials under clamped-clamped (C-C) and simply supported (S-S) boundary conditions are considered. The variations of the frequency parameter with respect to the relative layer thickness, the length-to-radius ratio, the length-to-thickness ratio, and the circumferential node number are analyzed.

Free vibration of layered cylindrical shells filled with fluid

Ultraviolet (UV) and visible photoluminescence (PL) has been achieved at room temperature from ZnO films deposited on the sapphire substrate by RF-magnetron sputtering. The electrical and optical properties of as-deposited and annealed films were investigated as a function of N 2 O/Ar gas flow ratio. All the ZnO films deposited by sputtering show a typical hexagonal wurtzite crystallographic orientation with a c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The growth rate decreases with the increase of the gas flow ratio. The high carrier mobility and low resistivity films were prepared at a N 2 O/Ar gas flow ratio of 0.33. The most intense UV and week blue luminescence was observed for the as-deposited films. A strong blue luminescence emission due to oxygen vacancies was obtained from the films annealed at 1000 °C.

Kandasamy Prabakar

Papers

Enhancement in the photovoltaic performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell by an optimized ZnO barrier layer

Free vibration of layered cylindrical shells filled with fluid

Optical and electrical properties of ZnO doped with nitrogen

Transition metal oxy/hydroxides functionalized flexible halloysite nanotubes for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Free vibration of layered truncated conical shells filled with quiescent fluid using spline method