Katharine Dunlop

TL;DR: It is shown here that patients with depression can be subdivided into four neurophysiological subtypes defined by distinct patterns of dysfunctional connectivity in limbic and frontostriatal networks, which may be useful for identifying the individuals who are most likely to benefit from targeted neurostimulation therapies.

TL;DR: Clinical and experimental evidence for abnormalities in SN cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits in major depression, substance use disorders (SUD), anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and eating disorders (ED), and novel invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation treatments may exert therapeutic effects by normalizing abnormalities in the SN loop are reviewed.

TL;DR: Two distinct depression subtypes are suggested, one with preserved hedonic function and responsive to dorsomedial rTMS and another with disrupted hedono-reward circuit integrity, abnormally lateralized connectivity through ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and unresponsive to dorsifiedial RTMS.

TL;DR: It is found that successful treatment was associated with increased dmPFC-thalamic connectivity and decreased subgenual cingulate cortex-caudate connectivity, which provides insight into which individuals might respond to rTMS treatment and the mechanisms through which these treatments work.

TL;DR: Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, including rTMS and tDCS, have been used to enhance cortico–striatal–thalamic activity through the core SN nodes in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula, and inhibition of the VMN appears promising in preclinical studies for quenching the pathological incentive salience underlying SUDs and MDD.