Showing papers by "Kenneth D. Locke published in 2012"

Binds and bounds of communion: effects of interpersonal values on assumed similarity of self and others.

Abstract: Assumed similarity refers to ascribing similar attributes to the self and others. Because self–other similarity facilitates communion, people who value communion should be prone to assume self–other similarity; but because self–other similarity also evokes obligation, they may be prone to assume similarity only with others with whom they are or would feel comfortable being interconnected. We tested these hypotheses in 5 studies (total N 1,709). In Study 1, students indicated their political preferences and estimated other students’ preferences. In Studies 2–5, students described their personality and the personalities of the following targets: actual or imagined romantic partners in Study 2; ingroup members (students from the respondents’ university) and outgroup members (students from a foreign university) in Studies 3–4; and specific liked and disliked others in Study 5. As hypothesized, people with stronger communal values were more likely to assume self–other similarity with liked others, romantic partners, and ingroup members, but not with disliked others and outgroup members. These effects replicated across different cultures (India, Korea, and the United States) and remained significant when controlling for self-esteem, national identification, and attribute desirability. Although people who valued communion tended to depict themselves and liked and ingroup others in relatively normative (typical) ways, which partially explained assumptions of similarity and indicated that those assumptions were to some extent accurate, communal values continued to predict distinctive self–other similarity or “false consensus” even after controlling for the normative prevalence of attributes.

Cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy for treatment- resistant depression: Adaptation to a group modality

Abstract: Studies researching psychotherapeutic interventions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are quite new to the field. The Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is the only model developed specifically to treat the chronically depressed patient. While empirical evidence indicates that CBASP is an effective treatment for chronic depression, little is known about its adaptation to a group modality. Treating these patients in a group approach would have the added benefits of being cost-effective and providing in vivo previously avoided interpersonal situations for practising social skills and role-plays. This single arm study asks whether CBASP adapted to a group modality can be effective. All patients received 12 CBASP group therapy sessions with two to four individual preparatory sessions before the group. Our results suggest that CBASP group treatment demonstrated positive effects on patient outcomes. Specifically, patients showed significant decreases in symptoms of depression and the use of emotion-oriented coping, as well as increases in overall social adjustment and interpersonal self-efficacy when compared to pretreatment levels.However, patients did not achieve normative levels in these areas by the end of treatment. These pilot results are encouraging and support further study of the effectiveness of CBASP group treatment with a control group.

Cultures Need Satisfaction and Well-Being : Testing Self-Determination Theory in Eight

Abstract: According to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is a universal requirement for psychological well-being. We tested this hypothesis with college students in the United States, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela, the Philippines, Malaysia, China, and Japan. Participants rated the extent to which these needs, plus needs for self-actualization and pleasure-stimulation, were satisfied in various roles and reported their general hedonic (i.e., positive and negative affect) and eudaimonic (e.g., meaning in life, personal growth) well-being. Asian participants averaged lower than non-Asian participants in perceived satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and self-actualization needs and in most aspects of eudaimonic well-being, and these differences were partially accounted for by differences in dialecticism and independent self-construals. Nonetheless, perceived need satisfaction predicted overall well-being to a similar degree in all cultures and in most cultures provided incremental prediction beyond the Big Five traits. Perceived imbalance in the satisfaction of different needs also modestly predicted well-being, particularly negative affect. The study extended support for the universal importance of SDT need satisfaction to several new cultures. at UNIV OF IDAHO LIBRARY on April 8, 2013 jcc.sagepub.com Downloaded from 508 Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 44(4)