Prospective Cohort Study

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

The link between protected areas and tourism is as old as the history of protected areas. Though the relationship is complex and sometimes adversarial, tourism is always a critical component to consider in the establishment and management of protected areas. These guidelines aim to build an understanding of protected area tourism, and its management. They provide both a theoretical structure and practical guidelines for managers. The underlying aim is to ensure that tourism contributes to the purposes of protected areas and does not undermine them.

Sustainable tourism in protected areas : guidelines for planning and management (Russian version)

Moving towards a sustainable environment: The dynamic linkage between natural resources, human capital, urbanization, economic growth, and ecological footprint in China

Inefficient use of fertilizers is not only an environmental hazard but have substantial economic loss in term of efficiency of crop and profit of farmers. K eeping in view this issue, this study focused to analyzing th e efficiency of balance and imbalance users of fertil izers by utilizing stochastic production frontier primary data is used, collected from district Multa n in Cotton-Wheat cropping zone of Punjab province. The results are indicat ed that average technical efficiency is higher with balance users of fertilizers. It is found that tech nical efficiency improved by 14 points (p<0.00) from 70 t o 84 percent by proper usage of fertilizers in balance r atio (N: P).The best policy option is to determine the proper nutrients requirements of soil by soil or plant analysis and then apply fertilizers in accordance with the requirements of soil and cropto obtain high efficiency of crop and maximizing profit of farmers. There should improvement of ed extension services to better understanding and practices by farmers about balance usage of fertili zers in order to obtain high yield of wheat. environmental hazard but have substantial economic loss in term of efficiency of crop and profit of farmers. K eeping in view this issue, this study focused to analyzing th e technical efficiency of balance and imbalance users of fertil izers by approach. A set of primary data is used, collected from district Multa n in Wheat cropping zone of Punjab province. The results ed that average technical efficiency is higher with balance users of fertilizers. It is found that tech nical efficiency improved by 14 points (p<0.00) from 70 t o 84 percent by proper usage of fertilizers in balance r atio (N: determine the proper nutrients requirements of soil by soil or plant analysis and then apply fertilizers in accordance with the requirements of soil and cropto obtain high efficiency of crop and maximizing profit There should improvement of ed ucation and extension services to better understanding and adoption practices by farmers about balance usage of fertili zers in

Impact of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Wheat Efficiency in Cotton Wheat Cropping System of Pakistan

Farmers in the rain-fed agriculture in arid regions are highly exposed to the adverse effects of climate change due to complete reliance on frequency, intensity, and timing of the rainfall. Adaptation, in such condition, becomes crucial to remain in farming in climate change regime. In the rural settings of the less-developed areas, farm households mostly adapt to risks posed by climate change individually. However, the benefits of private adaptation can be private and public depending on the type of adaptation strategies. The present study investigates different adaptation strategies of farmers using cross-sectional data collected from semi-arid region of Punjab province of Pakistan. The study also examines the role of socioeconomic characteristics of farmers on adaptation to climate change. Private adaptations for private and public benefits are considered in the present study. Data is collected from 190 respondents through random sampling. Logit model is employed to find out determinants of adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers. Results indicate that education, farming experience, family size and tractor ownership are significantly related with adaptation to climate change. The study concludes that policymakers should consider the potential difference in private benefits and public benefits resulting from private adaptation to climate change in relation to human capital, family assets and farm machinery when designing policy interventions for climate adaptations. The public goods related private adaptations should be encouraged through appropriate policy interventions.

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Adaptation to Climate Change in Rain-Fed Farming System in Punjab, Pakistan

The present study determines the impact of climate change on wheat production along with its per capita availability. The study is different from previous studies as it considers the irrigated and rain-fed regions of the Punjab province. Separate production functions are used for the irrigated and rain-fed regions. Tests for determining normality, linearity, autocorrelation and multicollinearity are also applied. Results show that in the irrigated region, rising maximum temperature during January and November has negative effect, whereas variables such as wheat area, minimum temperature during November and March are positively related with wheat production. Considering the rain-fed region, minimum temperature during February and November has significant impact on wheat production whereas rainfall in the month of March is negatively related with wheat production. Three different scenarios used to project future impact of temperature and rainfall on wheat indicate a decline in future per capita availability of wheat as a result of

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/188154/1/pjcss193.pdf

Food Security in the Context of Climate Change In Pakistan

Economics of growing date palm in Punjab, Pakistan

Dependence of rural population on traditional fuel sources namely biomass has increased because of easy accessibility and affordability. The use of biomass fuels results in many environmental and health-related hazards. Rural households have little awareness about the ill effects of using biomass energy sources. This study investigated the patterns of rural household energy use and identified the role of information on the effects of biomasses on human health, in addition to other factors influencing households’ choices of energy sources. For this purpose, primary data from 196 households were collected from four districts of the Punjab province in Pakistan. Results showed that use of clean energy sources was limited to basic appliances and 90% of the respondents depended on biomass fuels. Estimates of the multivariate probit model showed that awareness about adverse impacts of biomass fuels as energy sources were significantly related with the choice of energy sources. Further, household head’s education level, household income, landholding, children under the age of 5 years and higher number of adult females were significantly related with the cleaner energy source choices. Distance to market increased the probability of the use of biomass energy sources. The study concluded that awareness campaigns regarding the benefits of using clean energy sources should be launched through print and electronic media while targeting rural women.

Khuda Bakhsh

Papers

Impact of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Wheat Efficiency in Cotton Wheat Cropping System of Pakistan

Adaptation to Climate Change in Rain-Fed Farming System in Punjab, Pakistan

Food Security in the Context of Climate Change In Pakistan

Economics of growing date palm in Punjab, Pakistan

Rural household preferences for cleaner energy sources in Pakistan.