Monoamine oxidase inhibitors were among the first antidepressants to be discovered and have long been used as such. It now seems that many of these agents might have therapeutic value in several common neurodegenerative conditions, independently of their inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity. However, many claims and some counter-claims have been made about the physiological importance of these enzymes and the potential of their inhibitors. We evaluate these arguments in the light of what we know, and still have to learn, of the structure, function and genetics of the monoamine oxidases and the disparate actions of their inhibitors.

The therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Molecular Imaging with PET

The 1999 Regional Haze Rule provides a context for this review of visibility, the science that describes it, and the use of that science in regulatory guidance The scientific basis for the 1999 regulation is adequate The deciview metric that tracks progress is an imperfect but objective measure of what people see near the prevailing visual range The definition of natural visibility conditions is adequate for current planning, but it will need to be refined as visibility improves Emissions from other countries will set achievable levels above those produced by natural sources Some natural events, notably dust storms and wildfires, are episodic and cannot be represented by annual average background values or emission estimates Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission reductions correspond with lower sulfate (SO4 2−) concentrations and visibility im-provements in the regions where these have occurred Non-road emissions have been growing more rapidly than emissions from other sources, which have remained

Visibility: Science and Regulation

Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials,...

Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications

Adiabatic atmospheric boundary layers: A review and analysis of data from the period 1880–1972

The regional distributions of monoamine oxidase (MAO) types A and B have been identified in human brain in vivo with intravenously injected 11C-labeled suicide enzyme inactivators, clorgyline and L-deprenyl, and positron emission tomography. The rapid brain uptake and retention of radioactivity for both 11C tracers indicated irreversible trapping. The anatomical distribution of 11C paralleled the distribution of MAO A and MAO B in human brain in autopsy material. The corpus striatum, thalamus, and brainstem contained high MAO activity. The magnitudes of uptake of both [11C]clorgyline and L-[11C]deprenyl were markedly reduced in one subject treated with the antidepressant MAO inhibitor phenelzine. A comparison of the brain uptake and retention of the 11C-labeled inactive (D-) and active (L-) enantiomers of deprenyl showed rapid clearance of the inactive enantiomer and retention of the active enantiomer within MAO B-rich brain structures, in agreement with the known stereoselectivity of MAO B for L-deprenyl. Prior treatment with unlabeled L-deprenyl prevented retention of L-[11C]deprenyl. Thus, suicide enzyme inactivators labeled with positron emitters can be used to quantitate the distribution and kinetic characteristics of MAO in human brain structures.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/235/4787/481.full.pdf

Mapping human brain monoamine oxidase A and B with 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET.

Two years of data have been processed to show relationships between wind gustiness and other meteorological parameters. The gustiness classification used at Brookhaven National Laboratory is defined by the range and appearance of the horizontal wind direction trace. The seasonal and diurnal variations are presented. Gustiness is closely related to lapse rate and solar radiation, while its association with wind speed and Sutton's index of turbulence is not as distinct.

Relation of gustiness to other meteorological parameters

The meteorological features of a refined air pollution evaluation technique are described. Time and space variations of wind speed, dispersion parameters and capping inversions are permitted, and it is believed that the estimates of dispersion at large distances from the source are more realistic than those obtained with simple models. 9 references, 8 figures, 1 table.

An Improved Method of Estimating Concentrations and Related Phenomena from a Point Source Emission

During the winter of 1975-1976, snowfall from the plumes of large natural-draft cooling towers of power plants has been observed. Snow accumulations up to 2.5 centimeters have been found on the ground at extended distances from the cooling towers, and visibility has been restricted to less than 1600 meters in the tower plume near ground level.

Snowfall observations from natural-draft cooling tower plumes.

The current status of the forecasting program developed for nuclear reactor operations at Brookhaven National Laboratory is discussed in some detail. The forecasting technique is based primarily on the empirical relationships between synoptic and micrometeorological variables as they have been determined by observation and climatological studies. Considerable attention is devoted to the classification and prediction of horizontal gustiness, which is used as a measure of turbulence in the meteorological control scheme. The application of the forecasts to control of the nuclear reactor is also discussed.

Maynard E. Smith

Papers

Mapping human brain monoamine oxidase A and B with 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET.

Relation of gustiness to other meteorological parameters

An Improved Method of Estimating Concentrations and Related Phenomena from a Point Source Emission

Snowfall observations from natural-draft cooling tower plumes.

The Forecasting of Micrometeorological Variables