I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4146684?pdf=render

Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications.

结节病易误诊,据王洪武等~([1])收集国内18篇关于此病误诊的文献,误诊率高达63.2%,当然有误诊就会有误治,如孙永昌等~([2])报道26例结节病在影像学检查诊断的第一印象中拟诊结核5例,其中就有2例完成规范的抗结核治疗,为此应引起临床对本病诊治的重视。

Sarcoidosis

The pathophysiologic mechanism of osteoarthritis is not well known. The importance of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in patients with chondral or meniscal lesions or both and a search for their source were investigated. Synovial fluid samples obtained from 44 patients with osteoarthritis (16 had meniscal lesions, 12 had chondral lesions, and 16 had meniscal plus chondral lesions) were analyzed. Ten control subjects also were included. Reactive species, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite were measured by the chemiluminescence technique. Patients with chondral lesions had significantly increased levels of O when compared with patients with meniscal lesions and the control group. However, patients with chondral or meniscal plus chondral lesions had significantly higher levels of other reactive oxygen species when compared with the control group. For the patients with meniscal plus chondral lesions, the contribution of nitrogen containing reactive species was evident. Although patients with chondral lesions had a significant increase in nitric oxide, the increase in patients with meniscal plus chondral lesions was more pronounced in peroxynitrite concentration. These reactive species will lead to tissue damage along with the mechanical damage caused by meniscal or chondral lesions or both.(2-)

Oxygen radicals and nitric oxide levels in chondral or meniscal lesions or both.

Nesfatin-1 alleviates gastric damage via direct antioxidant mechanisms

Background : Sepsis is a generalized inflammatory response, which involves organ systems remote from the locus of the initial infectious insult, involves the release of cytokines and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor blocker, against oxidative damage in the liver and ileum of septic rats. Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture method in female Wistar albino rats. Sepsis and sham operated (control) groups received either saline or montelukast (10mg/kg, ip) immediately after the operation and at 12h. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, rats were decapitated and malondialdehyde (MDA) content—an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels—a key antioxidant, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity—an index of neutrophil infiltration, and collagen contents were determined in the liver and ileum. Formation of reactive oxygen species in liver and ileal tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Both tissues were also analyzed histologically. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) level were assessed in trunk blood. Results : Sepsis resulted in decreased GSH levels, and increased MDA levels, MPO activity, CL levels and collagen contents in both the liver and the ileum ( P 0.05 – P 0.001 ) indicating the presence of the oxidative damage. Similarly, serum TNF- α and LDH were elevated in the sepsis group as compared to control group. On the other hand, montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations, which were induced by sepsis. Conclusion : Findings of the present study suggest that montelukast possesses an anti-inflammatory effect on sepsis-induced hepatic and intestinal damage and protects against oxidative injury by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism.

Amelioration of sepsis-induced hepatic and ileal injury in rats by the leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast

Background/Aims: This investigation elucidates the role of free radicals in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal erosion and the protective effect of lipoic acid. Methods:</i

Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Erosion in Rats

The neuroprotective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA; 100 mg/kg, po), a dithiol antioxidant, on experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was assessed in Wistar albino rats. Neurological examination scores recorded at the 48th h of SAH induction were increased in SAH groups, which were accompanied with significant increases in the formation of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation ratios, malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activity, while significant decreases in the brain glutathione content and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity were observed. On the other hand, ALA treatment reversed all these biochemical indices as well as SAH-induced histopathological alterations. Increased brain edema, impaired blood-brain-barrier permeability and neurological scores were also improved by ALA treatment. The results demonstrate that ALA exerts neuroprotective effects via the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, the inhibition of neutrophil accumulation and free radical generation, suggesting a therapeutic potential in reducing secondary injury after SAH in patients.

Meral Yüksel

Papers

Oxygen radicals and nitric oxide levels in chondral or meniscal lesions or both.

Nesfatin-1 alleviates gastric damage via direct antioxidant mechanisms

Amelioration of sepsis-induced hepatic and ileal injury in rats by the leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast

Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Erosion in Rats

Alpha Lipoic Acid Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Preserves Blood Brain Permeability in Rats with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage