[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

Narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) is a new communication system standard for future applications of Internet of things, which is expected to operate over 850MHz band. However, the existing cdma2000 system also operates over adjacent band, so the coexistence study between the two systems has significant value. In this paper, the uplink and downlink performance simulations of coexistence between NBIoT in stand-alone mode and cdma2000 system are studied, including both coordinated and uncoordinated deployment scenarios. To capture the dynamic distribution of users, Monte Carlo method is adopted. The simulation results show that the interference between the two systems is not quite severe in coordinated case. In addition, some deployment suggestions are proposed to achieve better coexistence between the two systems.

Coexistence Study between NB-IoT and cdma2000 Systems

Multi-User (MU) MIMO is playing an increasingly important role in wireless communications. As the antennas scale continues to grow, it is expected to fully explore freedom in the space domain in order to support more user access but under the premise of solving interferences in a good way. To address this issue, we construct a new three-dimensional (3D) scrambling code (SC) set for the MU-MIMO systems to reduce the interferences among users in the fading channels. In the proposed scheme, different users can share the same frequency-time block and keep orthogonality in the 3D SC domain without channel information feedback. Besides, it is found that the number of users increases linearly along with the number of transmit antennas. Furthermore, different from the spreading code used in a typical code division multiple access (CDMA) system, the proposed 3D SC can achieve the perfect correlation properties even without spreading the spectrum. In this paper, the capacity of the 3D SC MU-MIMO is discussed in detail, and the bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated via the simulation results.

Three-Dimensional Scrambling Code for Multi-User MIMO Systems

This paper considers the network coded relay protocol utilized in the cellular systems. The time division multiple access (TDMA) based opportunistic network coded cooperation(TDMA-ONCC) scheme, whose central idea is to perform the opportunistic network coded cooperation based on the observed instantaneous channel qualities of source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links, is researched. Performances in terms of ergodic capacity and outage probability are derived for both TDMA-ONCC and the single relay based opportunistic selecting Decode-and-Forward (SR-OSDF) schemes. The tight closed form expressions for the outage probability are derived. Numerical results show that the proposed expressions for both the ergodic capacity and the outage probability are close to the theoretical analysis results. The results show that the TDMA-ONCC scheme significantly outperforms the SR-OSDF scheme due to the network coded cooperation gain.

Outage probability analysis of network coded time division multiple access protocol in the relay based cellular networks

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of TDD-CDMA downlink capacity constraint is proposed firstly for smart antenna systems. According to the analysis and deduced equations, an advanced resource allocation and management algorithm is developed, which is suitable and efficient for smart antenna systems in TDD mode. From the system capacity viewpoint, the performances, which are compared with two kinds of directional smart antenna system, are shown: the tracking beam antenna (TBA) and the switched beam antenna (SBA). Additionally, a system simulator for performance evaluation has been designed. The simulation results show that proposed power allocation strategies work efficiently in TDD-CDMA systems employing smart antenna. Furthermore, the performance of TBA outperforms that of the SBA.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9237/29278/01321997.pdf

An analysis of resource allocation and management in TDD-CDMA systems employing smart antennas

Facing the heavy traffic burden and data privacy, distributed machine learning (DML) has been envisioned as a promising computing paradigm to enable edge intelligence by extracting and establishing models collaboratively in wireless networks. Unlike centralized methods, DML involves frequent local model exchanging among distributed devices, which confronts low efficiency referring to the convergence rate and delay. To enable edge intelligence, how to train DML efficiently has recently attracted extensive interest in wireless networks. Rather than over a fixed or centralized topology, we study the convergence and system implementation of DML over a wireless device-to-device (D2D) network in this paper. First, we introduce the DML training process and system model in this network, where the total delay in reaching convergence is minimized. Second, we analyze the convergence rate to figure out the special effects of synchronization frequency and network topology. To improve the efficiency of DML training, we propose a system implementation approach to reduce the convergence rate and delay of one iteration, where the network topology and synchronization frequency are set, followed by an optimal resource allocation policy. At last, we perform experiments with an image classification task. Simulation results indicate that our proposed D2D framework can effectively reduce training delay and promote computation efficiency by 39$\%$ in a heterogeneous environment, which is concordant with the theoretical analysis.

Mugen Peng

Papers

Coexistence Study between NB-IoT and cdma2000 Systems

Three-Dimensional Scrambling Code for Multi-User MIMO Systems

Outage probability analysis of network coded time division multiple access protocol in the relay based cellular networks

An analysis of resource allocation and management in TDD-CDMA systems employing smart antennas

An Efficient Distributed Machine Learning Framework in Wireless D2D Networks: Convergence Analysis and System Implementation