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The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

This paper proposes a robust channel estimation strategy for two-way multi-antenna relay networks, where the two sources are not perfectly synchronized with each other. The relay is allowed to first detect the signal arriving order (SAO) and then estimate the channel matrix of source-to-relay link in order to construct the relay precoding matrix. In particular, the SAO detection is formulated as a composite hypothesis testing problem, and effectively tackled by using the generalized likelihood ratio testing (GLRT) method. Moreover, a two-step estimation algorithm for composite source-to-source channels is developed aiming at reducing the error probability of data detection, and the optimal training sequences to minimize the Cramer-Rao bound of the estimation mean square error (MSE) is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation strategy can effectively mitigate the estimation error due to the asynchronous transmission, thus significantly outperforming the existing channel estimation method.

Robust channel estimation strategy for two-way multi-antenna relay networks with asynchronous transmission

In this paper, the node selection is investigated in relay-based cellular networks. We propose a novel node selection algorithm, which is designed to maximum the system throughput while consuming the least system bandwidth resources. In the proposed algorithm, mobile station (MS) selects suitable node to access by an optimal model based on the used-bandwidth-ratio. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in a simulation platform based on OPNETTM simulator and compared with that of a simple shortest-distance node selection algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm provide a significant throughput gain over the conventional algorithm.

Node Selection in Relay-based Cellular Networks

A traditional direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) system works based on spreading codes, which should have good auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties to eliminate multiple access interference (MAI) and multipath interference (MI). However, to find a large number of good spreading codes is extremely difficult, and thus the capacity of a DS-CDMA system is limited strictly by the number of available spreading codes. This work proposes a downlink DS-CDMA design to enable multiple access using only one spreading code, namely identical code cyclic shift (ICCS) code, where in-phase and quadrature channels are used to transmit data and pilot, respectively. In particular, the ICCS code is used at a transmitter to perform DS modulation for user data, which is then sent to the in-phase channel. At the same time, the pilots are sent over the quadrature channel in a time-division multiplex (TDM) mode to construct a correlation matrix of ICCS code. At a receiver, MAI is removed by so-designed pilots plus a matched filter-bank. Simulation results show that the proposed ICCS multiple access (ICCSMA) can achieve a better performance than a traditional DS-CDMA system in a high signal to noise ratio region. ICCSMA serves as a bridge to turn CDMA to NOMA to enable massive connectivity in 5 G and beyond communications.

Identical Code Cyclic Shift Multiple Access—A Bridge Between CDMA and NOMA

In wireless broadcast system, where feedback is limited and channel state information is only available at the receiver side, layered broadcasting approach has been proposed to fully utilize the channel resources by providing different levels of service quality to users with different channel conditions. However, no upper bound has been given yet to show how the layered broadcast scheme will outperform the conventional broadcast (CB) scheme. In this paper, system average achievable rate (SAAR) is defined as the mean achievable rate of all users within the coverage. Based on continuum superposition coding (SC) with infinite layers, the upper bound of the SAAR of layered broadcasting is given by the derivation of the optimal power distribution function among the superposed layers. The results show that, by promoting the experience of stronger users (users with better channel conditions) without seriously degrading the performance of weaker users (users with worse channel conditions), layered broadcasting approach greatly increases the average system performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The performance of layered broadcast with superposition coding

To obtain better cooperative diversity on relay networks, this paper proposes a network coding (NC) scheme for the multiple access full-duplex relay networks. The scheme uses XOR-operation NC at the relay and iterative decoding at the destination. We describe in detail the iterative decoding algorithm which can obtain the substantial spatial diversity contained in the XOR-operation NC and signal superposition. The proposed scheme is evaluated for AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels, and it is shown to improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the full-duplex relay networks in both cases. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms the referenced retransmission scheme, the reason for this is that the redundancy which is provided by the relay can be better exploited with XOR-operation NC.

Mugen Peng

Papers

Robust channel estimation strategy for two-way multi-antenna relay networks with asynchronous transmission

Node Selection in Relay-based Cellular Networks

Identical Code Cyclic Shift Multiple Access—A Bridge Between CDMA and NOMA

The performance of layered broadcast with superposition coding

A network coding scheme for the multiple access full-duplex relay networks