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The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

To realize an efficient utilization of harvested energy and improve throughput with the help of a battery, a harvest-use-store power splitting (PS) relaying strategy with distributed beamforming is proposed for the wireless-powered multi-relay scenario in this paper. To this end, harvested energy via PS can be accumulated and stored for future usage, which affects throughput at subsequent time slots due to the battery operations including the charging and discharging. As a result, PS and battery operations are coupled with distributed beamforming, such that the throughput optimization problem is intractable looking. To address the intractability of the optimization, a layered optimization method with an ideal non-causal channel state information (CSI) assumption is proposed. As a result, the optimal joint PS and battery operation design in the proposed strategy is derived in a decoupled manner. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method, and revealed that the proposed strategy has significant performance gains over the conventional designs.

Throughput Optimizing for Power-Splitting Based Relaying in Wireless-Powered Cooperative Networks

In this paper, the outage performance of opportunistic decode-and-forward cooperation is analyzed in independent but not necessarily identical Nakagami-m fading channels, where the impacts of relay selection criterion, relay number, channel fading severity parameter and the availability of the direct link are studied comprehensively. The closed-form expressions of outage probability in high signal-to-noise ratio region and the diversity order are derived for both asymmetric and symmetric scenarios. The analysis shows that the achievable diversity order is related to the channel fading severity parameter m, the number of relays K, the specific relay selection criterion N and the availability of the direct link. Take symmetric scenario for instance, the diversity order is m (K − N + 1) if the direct link blocks, otherwise the diversity order becomes m (K − N + 2). For asymmetric scenario, the diversity order depends on the particular value of fading severity parameter m in each link, and the expression is also derived. Simulation results validate the analysis of outage probability and diversity order.

Opportunistic Decode-and-forward Cooperation in Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Relay Selection

Energy harvesting is necessary to make the wireless network self-sustaining and self-organizing regardless of the traditional power grid. How to allocate the limited radio resources in the energy harvesting wireless network is a challenging work. This paper focuses on optimizing the time and power related resources in the multi-cell scenario to maximize the throughput constraining of the changeable energy in the base station. The optimal off-line resource allocation strategy is proposed, based on analysis of structural properties of the optimal total power sequences. To decrease the complexity of the optimal solution, a low complexity suboptimal off-line algorithm is presented based on the nature of the concave function. Furthermore, inspired by the off-line algorithm, an on-line resource allocation algorithm is proposed as well. Simulation results show the suboptimal offline algorithm closely tracks the performance of the optimal solution. And the proposed on-line algorithm also has brilliant performance compared with several kinds of algorithms under different system settings.

Adaptive radio resource allocation to optimize throughput in multi-cell energy harvesting wireless networks

Considering a wireless relay network composed of a source, several relays and a destination where the source transmits data packets to the destination through both direct and relay paths, a multi-timeslots network coding (MTNC) scheme is proposed to combat the lossy nature of wireless channel where the relay nodes with satisfying relay-destination(r - d) channel state firstly perform network coding on the successfully decoded data packets received from the source at previous timeslots and then forward the coded version to the destination. We focus on three metrics-Ergodic capacity, outage probability and symbol error rate to evaluate the performance of MTNC scheme and the replication-based relay (RR) scheme where a "best" relay node is selected out to replicate and forward the data packet. Precise closed form expression of ergodic capacity, tight estimated closed form expression of outage probability (OP) and symbol error rate (SER) are derived for both schemes, and also numerical results are shown to prove the gain of network coding. However, with increasing of the relay number, the improvement of outage probability and SER is limited.

Mugen Peng

Papers

Throughput Optimizing for Power-Splitting Based Relaying in Wireless-Powered Cooperative Networks

Opportunistic Decode-and-forward Cooperation in Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Relay Selection

Adaptive radio resource allocation to optimize throughput in multi-cell energy harvesting wireless networks

On Performance of Multi-Timeslots Network Coding (MTNC) in Wireless Relay Networks

6G Perspectives: Techniques and Challenges