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The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.

A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies

As the evolution of cloud radio access networks (CRANs), heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H- CRANs) are now recognized as promising paradigm to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency through taking advantages of both heterogeneous networks and C- RANs. In H-CRANs, the heterogeneous processing node (HPN) guarantees the basic quality of service (QoS) requirement for the user equipment, while remote radio heads (RRHs) are deployed to provide enhanced QoS performances. Inter-tier interference between HPNs and RRHs should be coordinated for achieving high throughput gains in H-CRANs. In this paper, the transmit power for both RRHs and HPNs are researched to mitigate this inter-tier interference. The throughput maximizing problem with and without interference coordination under the power and interference constraints are developed. Since this kind of optimization problem is not convex, these two non- convex optimization problems are transformed into the form of matrix. Through the Perron-Frobenius theory, the optimal power allocation solution is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed solution is converged, and it can achieve significant performance gains.

Perron-Frobenius Theory Based Power Allocation in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

In the traditional broadcast system, the capacity is always limited by the users located at the edge of the coverage area, which degraded the experience of the users near the base station. In this paper, the broadcasting scheme based on multi-hop is proposed, and the outage performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed under both the Rayleigh and Nakagami-m channel. It is shown that, with the help of relays, the performance of the users at the edge of the coverage is promoted greatly. And the multi-hop scheme outperforms the traditional direct transmission scheme greatly with the increased number of relays, under the assumption that the nonadjacent relays have noninterference to each other. Another important conclusion is that the multi-hop scheme performs better than direct transmission under higher attenuation scenarios.

The performance analysis of multi-hop based broadcasting

A method for detecting and positioning cell interruption in a cellular mobile communication system self-organizing network, comprising: in a listened area having multiple cells, when triggering an A3 event indicating that the quality of service of a neighboring cell is superior to the set offset of a serving cell, user equipments reporting KPI parameter information and position information of the user equipments to a base station; in each listening period, the base station reporting the received KPI parameter information and position information to an OAM device, and the OAM device classifying the user equipments by using a cluster analysis method and according to the KPI parameters; the OAM device determining, according to a cluster analysis result, whether a cell in the listened area is interrupted; if there is an interrupted cell, counting the number of the interrupted cells and determining interruption types of the interrupted cells, positioning the interrupted cells according to position information of the various user equipments in the network, and triggering compensation measures for the interrupted cells according to the interruption types of the interrupted cells. Through the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a KPI parameter value model for measuring whether the cell normally operates does not need to be preset for the cell, the operation steps are simple, and manual intervention is not required, thereby reducing the energy consumption and the maintenance cost, and avoiding misjudgment caused by incorrect setting of the KPI parameter value model.

Method for detecting and positioning cell interruption in cellular mobile communication system self-organizing network

Keeping a balance between performance and complexity is a well-known dilemma in large-scale multiple antenna systems. In this paper, the system complexity and the outage probability are evaluated for a large-scale multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. To obtain the explicit analysis results, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of the K-largest order statistics of N independent exponential random variables is first developed. Then the complexity and the outage performance are evaluated with perfect and imperfect channel statement information (CSI). The asymptotic analysis are conducted to give some insights for the design of such a system. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the accuracy of the developed theoretic results, and show that it is not necessary to always use all antennas to transmit.

Antenna Selection in Large-Scale Multiple Antenna Systems

In this paper, the channel estimation problem for two-way relay networks with imperfect synchronization is considered where training sequences sent from the two sources can not arrive at relay simultaneously. To analyze its performance, the Cramer-Rao bound of composite channel coefficients are first derived, then the optimal power allocation is investigated aiming at minimizing the corresponding CRBs. Focusing on declining the bit error probability of signal detection at receiver, an iterative estimation algorithm is proposed based on the optimal linear estimator. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation algorithm.

Mugen Peng

Papers

Perron-Frobenius Theory Based Power Allocation in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

The performance analysis of multi-hop based broadcasting

Method for detecting and positioning cell interruption in cellular mobile communication system self-organizing network

Antenna Selection in Large-Scale Multiple Antenna Systems

Channel estimation for two-way relay networks with imperfect synchronization