Advanced materials are essential to the quality of modern day life, but the synthesis of these compounds is often inefficient in terms of energy, time and resources; especially when considering the hydrothermal batch methods used to prepare many such compounds – often requiring week-long reaction times with variable yields and product quality. In contrast, Continuous flow synthesis (CFS) provides a more readily scalable means for the efficient, effective and reproducible synthesis of inorganic compounds. This publication demonstrates the novel CFS of several metal ammonium phosphates and compare the effect of synthesis route on particle size, size distribution, and crystallinity.

Genesis of Pure Se(0) Nano- and Micro- structures in Wastewater

This Review offers a comprehensive review of the colloidal synthesis, mechanistic understanding, physicochemical properties, and applications of one-dimensional (1D) metal nanostructures. After a brief introduction to the different types of 1D nanostructures, we discuss major concepts and methods typically involved in a colloidal synthesis of 1D metal nanostructures, as well as the current mechanistic understanding of how the nanostructures are formed. We then highlight how experimental studies and computational simulations have expanded our knowledge of how and why 1D metal nanostructures grow. Following specific examples of syntheses for monometallic, multimetallic, and heterostructured systems, we showcase how the unique structure-property relationships of 1D metal nanostructures have enabled a broad spectrum of applications, including sensing, imaging, plasmonics, photonics, display, thermal management, and catalysis. Throughout our discussion, we also offer perspectives with regard to the future directions of development for this class of nanomaterials.

One-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: From Colloidal Syntheses to Applications

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) have played a pivotal role in driving the continuous development of optoelectronics technologies, which include organic optoelectronic applications. In recent years, there has been huge interest in designing innovative TCEs to replace the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which suffer from complex fabrication issues and are incompatible with flexible, wearable electronic devices. In this regard, TCEs based on metal meshes are considered to be the best candidates because of their inherently high electrical conductivity, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and, more importantly, cost-competitiveness. In this review, we describe the technology developments of metal mesh-based transparent conductors and their applications in organic optoelectronic devices, including organic and perovskite solar cells, organic light emitting diodes, supercapacitors, electrochromic devices etc. Specifically, we discuss the fundamental features, optoelectronic properties, fabrication techniques and device applications of metal mesh TCEs. We also highlight the important criteria for evaluating the performance of metal mesh electrodes and propose some new research directions in this emerging field.

Flexible transparent conducting electrodes based on metal meshes for organic optoelectronic device applications: a review

Silver nanowires have attracted a lot of attention in both academia and industry because of their potential applications in many electronic devices In the past decade, there have been many research articles relating to silver nanowires, but there have been relatively few review articles focusing on these unique nanomaterials In this review, the definition and the characterization of silver nanowires will be introduced The synthetic methods employed to prepare silver nanowires and the factors that influence their final morphology will also be discussed in detail Examples of typical synthetic technologies and the representative studies will also be summarized and discussed In addition, the applications of silver nanowires as conductive materials and components of electronic devices will be reviewed Lastly, the challenges that remain with silver nanowires will be proposed Download : Download high-res image (92KB) Download : Download full-size image

Silver nanowires: Synthesis technologies, growth mechanism and multifunctional applications

Advanced wearable sensors for human motion detection are receiving growing attention and have great potential for future electronics. Herein, we demonstrate microcrack-assisted strain sensors using silver nanowires@patterned polydimethylsiloxane. Through designed percolating network microstructures, the strain sensors have significant inherent advantages, including simple fabrication processes and ultrahigh sensitivity far surpassing other stretchable sensing devices. Noteworthily, the strain sensors possess a tremendous gauge factor (GF) of 150 000 within a large stretchability of 60% strain range. The sensing mechanism depends on the change in electrical resistance, which is dramatically affected by a percolating-microcrack surface microstructure in the case of strain concentration of mechanical deformation. The superior sensing performance in conjunction with an appealing stretchability, reversibility, low creep and ultrahigh stability enables the strain sensors to act as wearable monitors and electronic skins for diverse applications, including but not limited to full-range detection of human body motions, as well as visual control of a light-emitting diode indicator, etc.

Ultrasensitive and stretchable resistive strain sensors designed for wearable electronics

Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) random mesh is a strong contender to commercial indium tin oxide (ITO); however, its performance is limited due to large contact resistance between nanowires and post-processing treatments. As an alternative, long nanowires can decrease the number of contact points and contact resistance. Here, a simple modified hydrothermal method for the synthesis of very-long silver nanowires (AgNWs) and their use in a high quality transparent conducting electrode without post-processing has been developed. Well dispersed very-long and thin silver nanowires are synthesized by using glucose as a reducing agent and silver chloride as a silver source. The lengths of the wires are in the range of 200 to 500 μm with an average diameter of 45–65 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on long nanowires having a thin diameter with greater than 200 microns length. As compared to other transparent conductors and nanowire networks, this AgNW network shows a higher percolative figure of merit (FoM, Π) with low haze. A flexible touch screen using the AgNW network is also demonstrated which has shown good performance even on a bendable surface.

Simple hydrothermal synthesis of very-long and thin silver nanowires and their application in high quality transparent electrodes

Plant derived anticancer agents: A green approach towards skin cancers.

Desert plants show specific mechanisms to thrive under prevailing harsh conditions. To study the survival mechanism(s) in native desert plant species, Lesser Cholistan desert in Pakistan was surveyed and two potential salt secretory grass species, Aeluropus lagopoides and Ochthochloa compressa, were selected from five saline sites. Both these grasses responded differentially to saline environments by showing specialized mechanisms of survival including excretion of toxic ions through trichomes, vesicular and glandular hairs through leaf surface. In A. lagopoides, salt tolerance was associated with excreted Na(+) concentration through leaf surface and accumulation of useful ions like Ca(2+) and K(+) in the shoot. Contrarily, O. compressa excreted all the ions through leaves without discriminating among toxic or beneficial ions. Results suggested that A. lagopoides was more successfully adapted to saline desert environments than O. compressa by excretion of excessive toxic ions and retention of Ca(2+) and K(+) in the shoot. This appears to be an adaptive character of the former species to successfully thrive in harsh desert conditions.

Patterns of ion excretion and survival in two stoloniferous arid zone grasses

Structural and magnetic properties variation of manganese ferrites via Co-Ni substitution

The growing energy demand speed up the designing of competent photovoltaic materials. Herein, five zinc phthalocyanine-based donor materials T1–T5 are designed by substituting various groups (isopropoxy, cyano, fluoro, methoxycarbonyl, and dicyanomethyl) around zinc phthalocyanine. B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the optoelectronic properties of five zinc phthalocyanine-based dyes T1–T5 for dye-sensitized solar cells. The designed molecule T1 shows maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) in the absorption spectrum at 708.89 and 751.88 nm both in gaseous state and in THF (tetrahydrofuran) solvent. The Eg value of T1 (1.86 eV) is less than reference R, indicating a greater charge transfer rate for T1 among the molecules. The values of open-circuit voltages achieved with acceptor polymer PC71BM are higher than R except for T1 and are 0.69 V, 1.95 V, 1.20 V, 1.44 V, and 1.84 V for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The lower the reorganization energy, the higher the charge transfer for T1 due to its lower hole mobility (0.06297 eV) than R. Thus, the designed T1–T5 molecules are expected to exhibit superior performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Muhammad Arshad

Papers

Simple hydrothermal synthesis of very-long and thin silver nanowires and their application in high quality transparent electrodes

Plant derived anticancer agents: A green approach towards skin cancers.

Patterns of ion excretion and survival in two stoloniferous arid zone grasses

Structural and magnetic properties variation of manganese ferrites via Co-Ni substitution

Efficient tuning of zinc phthalocyanine-based dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: a detailed DFT study