Protic Ionic Liquids: Properties and Applications

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C−S, C−Se, and C−Te Bond Formation via Cross-Coupling and Atom-Economic Addition Reactions

Organic Chemistry By Dr. I. L. Finar. Vol. 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products. Pp. xi + 733. (London and New York: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1956.) 40s. net.

Advanced Organic Chemistry

The copper(I)-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole-forming reaction between azides and terminal alkynes has become the gold standard of 'click chemistry' due to its reliability, specificity, and biocompatibility. Applications of click chemistry are increasingly found in all aspects of drug discovery; they range from lead finding through combinatorial chemistry and target-templated in vitro chemistry, to proteomics and DNA research by using bioconjugation reactions. The triazole products are more than just passive linkers; they readily associate with biological targets, through hydrogen-bonding and dipole interactions. The present review will focus mainly on the recent literature for applications of this reaction in the field of medicinal chemistry, in particular on use of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety as pharmacophore.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/asia.201100432

Click Chemistry: 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Pharmacophores

3.1.2. Huisgen [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction 6313 3.1.3. Claisen Rearrangement 6315 3.2. Multicomponent Reactions 6316 3.3. Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Reactions 6316 3.4. Wittig Reaction 6318 3.5. Bioorthogonal Reactions 6318 4. Catalyzed Reactions 6319 4.1. Metal-Catalyzed Reactions 6319 4.1.1. Pericyclic Reactions 6320 4.1.2. Arylation Reactions 6321 4.1.3. Olefin Metathesis 6323 4.1.4. Mizoroki-Heck Reaction 6324 4.1.5. Suzuki Reaction 6325 4.1.6. Sonogashira Reaction 6327 4.1.7. Transfer Hydrogenation 6327 4.1.8. Lewis Acid Catalysis 6328 4.2. Organocatalyzed Reactions 6330 4.2.1. Pericyclic Reactions 6330 4.2.2. Michael Reaction 6331 4.2.3. Mannich Reaction 6332 4.2.4. Aldol Reaction 6333 5. Conclusion 6334 6. Supporting Information Available 6335 7. References 6335

Water: Nature’s Reaction Enforcer—Comparative Effects for Organic Synthesis “In-Water” and “On-Water”

A simple, highly efficient and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of 3-styrylchromones from 3-formylchromones and 4-nitrophenylacetic acid/4-nitrotolune in the presence of catalytic amount of basic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide [(bmim)OH] carried out under the influence of microwave irradiation. This method gives remarkable advantages such as, short reaction times, simple work-up procedure and moderate to good yields. The ionic liquid was successfully reused for four cycles without significant loss of activity.

Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐Styrylchromones in Alkaline Ionic Liquid.

Title compounds (IV) (10 examples) are obtained by a one-pot three-component reaction using PEG-400 as solvent.

A Simple and Green Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[α]‐xanthen‐11‐one Using PEG‐400 as Efficient and Recyclable Reaction Media.

We have described an efficient synthesis of quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine α-aminophosphonate derivatives by the nucleophilic addition oftriethyl phosphite to substituted quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepines promoted by easily available, inexpensive and mild catalyst KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 0 (alum). The reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature under solvent-free reaction conditions and providing high yield of product in very short reaction time.

Alum Catalyzed Convenient Synthesis of Quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives.

A green approach to the Aza-Michael addition reaction between an amine and α,β-unsaturated compounds has been achieved by conventional as well as non-conventional methods. The reaction is catalyzed by cesium fluoride (CsF) in aqueous media at ambient temperature to afford the product in excellent yield. Ultrasound irradiation has been used as a non-conventional energy source, which reduces the reaction time with improved product yield.

Cesium Fluoride Catalyzed Aza-Michael Addition Reaction in Aqueous Media.

Dihydropyrimidinones were synthesized by one-pot three components Biginelli condensations in the presence of roomtemperature ionic liquid 1- benzyl-3-methylimidazoliumdihydrogen phosphate ([bnmim]H2PO4) in higher yields under solvent-free conditions in shorter reactions time and green aspect by avoiding toxic catalyst and organic solvents.

Murlidhar S. Shingare

Papers

Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐Styrylchromones in Alkaline Ionic Liquid.

A Simple and Green Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[α]‐xanthen‐11‐one Using PEG‐400 as Efficient and Recyclable Reaction Media.

Alum Catalyzed Convenient Synthesis of Quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives.

Cesium Fluoride Catalyzed Aza-Michael Addition Reaction in Aqueous Media.

A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones in ionic liquid under solvent-free conditions