Clustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items, or feature vectors) into groups (clusters). The clustering problem has been addressed in many contexts and by researchers in many disciplines; this reflects its broad appeal and usefulness as one of the steps in exploratory data analysis. However, clustering is a difficult problem combinatorially, and differences in assumptions and contexts in different communities has made the transfer of useful generic concepts and methodologies slow to occur. This paper presents an overview of pattern clustering methods from a statistical pattern recognition perspective, with a goal of providing useful advice and references to fundamental concepts accessible to the broad community of clustering practitioners. We present a taxonomy of clustering techniques, and identify cross-cutting themes and recent advances. We also describe some important applications of clustering algorithms such as image segmentation, object recognition, and information retrieval.

/pdf/data-clustering-a-review-4c452f5cab.pdf

Data clustering: a review

A major new professional reference work on fingerprint security systems and technology from leading international researchers in the field Handbook provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all major topics, concepts, and methods for fingerprint security systems This unique reference work is an absolutely essential resource for all biometric security professionals, researchers, and systems administrators

/pdf/handbook-of-fingerprint-recognition-16mh887j24.pdf

Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition

In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust with respect to the quality of input fingerprint images, it is essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module. We present a fast fingerprint enhancement algorithm, which can adaptively improve the clarity of ridge and valley structures of input fingerprint images based on the estimated local ridge orientation and frequency. We have evaluated the performance of the image enhancement algorithm using the goodness index of the extracted minutiae and the accuracy of an online fingerprint verification system. Experimental results show that incorporating the enhancement algorithm improves both the goodness index and the verification accuracy.

/pdf/fingerprint-image-enhancement-algorithm-and-performance-405diava9j.pdf

Fingerprint image enhancement: algorithm and performance evaluation

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

A secure transaction method, system, and non-transitory computer readable medium, for authorizing a transaction between a user having a personal communication device, a service provider, and a payment provider, include requesting a distribution of a location challenge code to the service provider and a distribution of a biometric data request to the personal communication device of the user, verifying the biometric data of the user based on a match of received biometric data from the user and with biometric data of the user stored in a storage unit, verifying that the location challenge code sent from the personal communication device of the user matches the distributed location challenge code, and sending a verification of authentication of the location challenge code and the match to the payment provider.

System, method, and recording medium for identity fraud prevention in secure transactions using multi-factor verification

Techniques for motivating a user during a workout using different coaching styles are provided. In one aspect, a method for motivational coaching of a user during workout sessions includes the steps of: selecting a coaching style for the user based on input from the user and from coaching styles used for at least one other user; determining, during a workout session, whether the coaching style should be changed to enhance performance of the user based on data obtained from the user via a mobile device worn by the user; changing the coaching style if it is determined that the coaching style should be changed to enhance performance of the user; continuing with a current coaching style if it is determined that the coaching style should not be changed; and providing feedback to the user during the workout session based on the coaching style.

Cognitive system to improve athletic performance with motivation from different training styles

In this study, we propose a novel biometric signature for human identification based on anatomically unique structures of the left ventricle of the heart. An algorithm is developed that analyzes the 3 primary anatomical structures of the left ventricle: the endocardium, myocardium, and papillary muscles. Comparisons of these analyses between probe and gallery images produces a similarity score that is used as the basis of the biometric. The performance of the algorithm is tested on a cohort of 10 de-identified subjects imaged by Cardiac MRI. Perfect matching between individuals is obtained with good separation between the genuine and impostor classes. In summary, this study demonstrates using anatomy of the left ventricle of the human heart for the purposes of a biometric signature.

Cardiac anatomy as a biometric

This invention defines novel biometrics, called resultant biometrics. These resultant biometrics are a combination of traditional biometrics and some controlled change to the traditional biometric. That is, they are sequences of biometric signals over a short interval of time where the signals are modified according to some pattern. Resultant finger- or palm prints, for example, are consecutive print images where the subject exerts force, torque and/or rolling (controlled change) over an image acquisition interval of time. The physical way the subject distorts the images is the behavioral part of the resultant biometrics, the finger or palm print is the physiological part of the resultant biometric. An undistorted print image in combination with an expression of the distortion trajectory which can be computed from the sequence of distorted print images, forms a more compact representation of the resultant fingerprint. A template representing the resultant print biometrics is derived from the traditional template representing the finger- or palm print plus a template representing the trajectory. Other traditional biometrics also lend themselves to temporal modification and are described in the invention.

System, method, and program product for authenticating or identifying a subject through a series of controlled changes to biometrics of the subject

An example operation may include one or more of determining, by a file redaction device, redacted segments of a source file, receiving, by a signature update device, the redacted source file segments, a stored trapdoor key, and stored auxiliary data segments, determining modified auxiliary data from the redacted source file segments, the trapdoor key and the auxiliary data segments, executing chaincode to obtain a modified auxiliary data signature and identifiers of the redacted source file segments, and storing the modified auxiliary data signature and identifiers of the redacted source file segments to a shared ledger of a blockchain network. Each stored auxiliary data segment including a random string of data corresponding to a segment of the source file.

Nalini K. Ratha

Papers

System, method, and recording medium for identity fraud prevention in secure transactions using multi-factor verification

Cognitive system to improve athletic performance with motivation from different training styles

Cardiac anatomy as a biometric

System, method, and program product for authenticating or identifying a subject through a series of controlled changes to biometrics of the subject

File redaction database system