There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials

An assessment of high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). An invited review

Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress. Processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ion battery packs from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.

/pdf/recycling-lithium-ion-batteries-from-electric-vehicles-1ey0653up3.pdf

Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

Phase equilibria studies of the CaO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system in air from 1200°C to 1260°C have been carried out at Fe-rich region with particular focus on the phase chemistry of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium (SFC) phase and associated equilibria. The measurements have been made possible through the use of a modified experimental technique involving high temperature equilibration, rapid quenching followed by electron probe X-ray micro analysis (EPMA). The compositions and temperatures determining the limits of the primary phase field of the SFC phase have been determined for the first time. Isothermal sections for 1220°C, 1240°C, 1255°C and 1260°C have been measured and the liquidus in the SFC primary phase field has also been determined.

Phase Equilibria Study of the CaO-“Fe 2 O 3 ”-SiO 2 System in Air to Support Iron Sintering Process Optimisation

Effect of system geometry on gas phase mass transfer in electromagnetic levitation assembly

The Reduction of Zinc-Oxide

Uncertainty in the metal price and competition between producers mean that the daily operation of a smelter needs to target high recovery of valuable elements at low operating cost. Options for the improvement of the plant operation can be examined and decision making can be informed based on accurate information from laboratory experimentation coupled with predictions using advanced thermodynamic models. Integrated high-temperature experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on phase equilibria and thermodynamics of copper-containing systems have been undertaken at the Pyrometallurgy Innovation Centre (PYROSEARCH). The experimental phase equilibria studies involve high-temperature equilibration, rapid quenching and direct measurement of phase compositions using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The thermodynamic modelling deals with the development of accurate thermodynamic database built through critical evaluation of experimental data, selection of solution models, and optimization of models parameters. The database covers the Al-Ca-Cu-Fe-Mg-O-S-Si chemical system. The gas, slag, matte, liquid and solid metal phases, spinel solid solution as well as numerous solid oxide and sulphide phases are included. The database works within the FactSage software environment. Examples of phase equilibria data and thermodynamic models of selected systems, as well as possible implementation of the research outcomes to selected copper making processes are presented.

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:495245/UQ495245_OA.pdf

High-temperature experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on the pyrometallurgical processing of copper

The solidification of "FeO"-CaO-SiO liquids in air at a controlled cooling rate of 2.0 K/s for a range of FeO concentrations in the bulk has been investigated. The compositions investigated were selected such that the bulk compositions were within the hematite primary phase field and had a CaO/SiO ratio of 3.46 wt/wt. Non-equilibrium phase assemblages were formed for all bulk compositions investigated. Specifically, the silico ferrite of calcium (SFC) phase was not formed on cooling. The microstructures and proportions of the phase assemblages formed were found to vary with the FeO concentration in the bulk.

/pdf/effects-of-the-bulk-fe2o3-concentration-on-the-controlled-42ookjvw14.pdf

Peter C. Hayes

Papers

Phase Equilibria Study of the CaO-“Fe 2 O 3 ”-SiO 2 System in Air to Support Iron Sintering Process Optimisation

Effect of system geometry on gas phase mass transfer in electromagnetic levitation assembly

The Reduction of Zinc-Oxide

High-temperature experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on the pyrometallurgical processing of copper

Effects of the Bulk Fe2O3 Concentration on the Controlled Solidification of “Fe2O3”–CaO–SiO2 Liquids in Air