Showing papers by "Peyman Salehi published in 2006"

Essential oil variation of Salvia officinalis aerial parts during its phenological cycle

Abstract: In this paper the variation in the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis during its life cycle stages is reported. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples. The yield of essential oil (w/w %) in different stages was in the order: floral budding (0.9%) > vegetative (0.7%) > flowering (0.5%) > immature fruit (0.4%) > ripen fruit (0.2%). The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 36, 41, 40, 38, and 41 constituents were identified and quantified in the subsequent stages, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of compounds in the fruiting set (56.9%), vegetative (48.5%), flowering (47.7%), and floral budding (45.3%) stage. 1,8-cineole as one of the major constituents of all samples was lower in the vegetative stage and gradually increased in subsequent harvesting times to reach a maximum in flowering and then decreased in the fruiting set. In contrast, the globulol content was higher in the first stage and decreased drastically during fruit maturation.

An eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines under aqueous media

Abstract: Some new metal dodecyl sulfates were prepared by the reaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the corresponding metal nitrates. All of the prepared salts catalyzed the synthesis of quinoline from o -aminoaryl ketones and ketones or β-diketones. Among the metal dodecyl sulfates, zirconium tetrakisdodecyl sulfate, was superior to others. Polysubstituted quinolines were synthesized from the same starting materials in the presence of a catalytic amount of Zr(DS) 4 in good to high yields in water under reflux conditions. Zr(DS) 4 could be recovered and reused.

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate: a versatile and inexpensive reagent for one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones, quinazolinones and azalactones under solvent-free conditions

Abstract: Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, efficiently catalyzes the three-component Biginelli reaction between an aldehyde, a β-dicarbonyl compound and urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high yields. Also, the synthesis of 2,3-disubsitituted-(3H)-quinazolin-4-ones is achieved by the one-pot reaction of isatoic anhydride, primary amines and orthoesters in the presence of (NH4)2HPO4. The reaction of hippuric acid with aromatic aldehydes and acetic anhydride resulted in the formation of azalactones using catalytic amounts of (NH4)2HPO4.

Water-Accelerated Synthesis of Novel Bis-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one Derivatives

Abstract: Bisdihydroquinazolinones were synthesized for the first time by a novel pseudo five-component condensation of isatoic an- hydride, a primary amine, and a dialdehyde in water. Several sol- vents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The ever-increasing demand for novel medicinally active compounds and the laborious process of lead discovery and optimization have resulted in the continuous search for simple and efficient methods for the generation of li- braries for biological screening. 1 Heterocycles are an im- portant class of substrates that are found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The rigidity of the hetero- cyclic core, which results from the substitution of the core, limits the conformational freedom especially when compared with the corresponding acyclic structure. 2,3- Dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-ones 1 are a class of heterocy- cles which exhibit biological and pharmaceutical activity as anti-tumor, diuretic, and herbicidal agents, as well as plant growth regulators, and anti-cancer drugs. 2 Also these compounds can be easily oxidized to their quinazo- lin-4(3H)-one analogues, 3 which are among the most im- portant biologically active heterocyclic compounds, 4 and can be found in some natural products. 5

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis from Iran

Abstract: The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis, which is endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. (Z)-Ocimenone (32.4%), (E)-ocimenone (20.3%), and cis-pinocarvone (11.4%) were the main components among the 22 constituents characterized in the oil of F. latisecta, representing 87.7% of the total components detected. Twenty-five compounds were identified in the oil of M. insignis, representing 99.0% of the total oil, with octyl acetate (41.1%), β-pinene (30.3%), and α-pinene (23.9%) as the main constituents. The essential oils were examined for their potential antimicrobial activities.

Hydrodistillation–Headspace Solvent Microextraction: An Efficient Method for Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Abstract: Hydrodistillation–headspace solvent microextraction (HD–HSME) has been used for isolation and preconcentration of the essential oil from the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. The effect on extraction efficiency of different conditions, for example sample mass, extraction time, microdrop volume, and choice of solvent, was studied and all were optimized. The results were compared with those from hydrodistillation, as reference method. Fourteen compounds were identified; the main components were trans-anethole (70.4%), fenchone (9.3%), and p-allylanisole (8.8%). The results were in good agreement with those obtained by hydrodistillation.

Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in Iran

Abstract: Three medicinal species of the genus Echinacea (Asteraceae), i.e. E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, were cultivated in the experimental field of the Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran, Iran). The essential oil of flowerheads of the studied species was isolated by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 36, 30 and 36 constituents were identified and quantified in E. purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in E. purpurea (70.9%), E. angustifolia (70%) and E. pallida (62.6%). The content of germacrene-D in E. purpurea (57%) was higher than that in E. pallida (51.4%) and E. angustifolia (49.6%) as the principal component in all samples. Also, the monoterpene hydrocarbons were observed in the oil of E. purpurea (6.4%) and E. angustifolia (1.2%), while these compounds were completely absent in E. pallida oil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles in Water at Ambient Temperature.

Abstract: A highly selective synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-1,3-benzimidazoles from the reaction of o-phenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of silica sulfuric acid is reported. The reactions were performed in ethanol or water and the cat- alyst could be reused for several runs.

Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Dicyclophora persica Boiss. from Iran.

Abstract: by GC and GC-MS analysis. The analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of forty-five components constituting 98.6% of the total oil. The main constituents were α-pinene (31.5%), (Z)-�-ocimene (23.3%), p-cymene (6.7%) and (E)-�-ocimene (5.4%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested by the disk diffusion method against four Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria together with a fungus (Aspergillus niger). The oil showed strong inhibition activity toward all the tested microorganisms except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Oxidative Deprotection of Acetals and Trimethylsilylethers by γ‐PCC‐SiO2

Abstract: Acetals, ketals and trimethylsilyl ethers mildly and selectively underwent oxidative deprotection to carbonyl compounds by silica gel supported γ-picolinium chlorochromate under non-aqueous conditions in good to excellent yields

Water‐Accelerated Synthesis of Novel Bis‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐(1H)‐one Derivatives.

Abstract: Bisdihydroquinazolinones were synthesized for the first time by a novel pseudo five-component condensation of isatoic an- hydride, a primary amine, and a dialdehyde in water. Several sol- vents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The ever-increasing demand for novel medicinally active compounds and the laborious process of lead discovery and optimization have resulted in the continuous search for simple and efficient methods for the generation of li- braries for biological screening. 1 Heterocycles are an im- portant class of substrates that are found in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The rigidity of the hetero- cyclic core, which results from the substitution of the core, limits the conformational freedom especially when compared with the corresponding acyclic structure. 2,3- Dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-ones 1 are a class of heterocy- cles which exhibit biological and pharmaceutical activity as anti-tumor, diuretic, and herbicidal agents, as well as plant growth regulators, and anti-cancer drugs. 2 Also these compounds can be easily oxidized to their quinazo- lin-4(3H)-one analogues, 3 which are among the most im- portant biologically active heterocyclic compounds, 4 and can be found in some natural products. 5

Essential Oil Composition of Stenotaenia nudicaulis Boiss. from Iran

Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil of Stentonia nudicaulis Boiss., collected from Takab (western Iran), was examined by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven components were characterized. The main components were β- sesquiphellandrene (25.3%), hexyl butyrate (15.7%), patchouli alcohol (10.3%), 8-cedren-13-ol (4.1%) and γ-eudes-mol (3.5%).

Dento-Skeletal Characteristics of 8-13 Year-old Boys and Girls with Class II Division 1 Malocclusion in Fars Province; a Cephalometric Study

Abstract: Statement of Problem: The dentoskeletal characteristics of the Class II Division 1 patients dictate their treatment plan and mechanotherapy. Purpose : This study was undertaken to describe the dentofacial characteristics of this type of malocclusion in 8-13 year-old children in Fars Province. Materials and Method: The materials examined included 693 lateral head radiographs comprising two series of 213 films of normal occlusion children and 480 films of Class II Division 1 patients reffered to Orthodontic Department of Shiraz Dental School, taken during the years 2002 to 2004. The controls and the Class II Division 1 subjects were each divided into three groups according to age including 10-11, 12-13 and 14-15 and then divided into two subgroups according to gender. The radiographs were converted into computer-readable X and Y coordinate data and 36 linear and 15 angular measurements in the cranial base, maxilla, mandible and dentition, were provided (based on 35 points) and compared. Results: The statistical analysis showed that the anterior cranial base was larger and more protrusive, with an increase in cranial base angle compared with controls. The mandible was smaller and its form and position was different from controls whereas, the maxilla (at the level of palate and alveolus) and the dentition were protrusive. The palate was inclined superiorly at its anterior half. The vertical maxillary exess and the increase of mid-facial convexity were visible. Conclusion: Various factors ranging from mandibular deficiency to maxillary protrusion with different dental configurations were responsible for the presence of Class II Division 1 malocclusion in our patients. Key words: Class II Division 1, Malocclusion, Dentofacial, Children, Fars Province

A New Approach to the Facile Synthesis of Mono- and Disubstituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under Solvent-Free Conditions.

Abstract: Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were synthesized successfully via a one-pot, three component reaction of isatoic anhydride and an orthoester with ammonium acetate or a primary amine catalyzed by silica sulfuric acid under solvent-free conditions. This is the first report on the synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by this procedure.