Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Advanced polyimide materials: Syntheses, physical properties and applications

Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten human society, the natural environment, and the synergy between the two. In order to ameliorate the CO2 problem, carbon capture and conversion techniques have been proposed. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials, a relatively new class of porous materials with unique structural features, high surface areas, chemical tunability and stability, have been extensively studied with respect to their applicability to such techniques. Recently, it has become apparent that the CO2 capture capabilities of MOF-based materials significantly boost their potential toward CO2 conversion. Furthermore, MOF-based materials’ well-defined structures greatly facilitate the understanding of structure–property relationships and their roles in CO2 capture and conversion. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of significant progress in the design and synthesis of MOF-based materials, including MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivatives, and their application to carbon capture and conversion. Special emphases on the relationships between CO2 capture capacities of MOF-based materials and their catalytic CO2 conversion performances are discussed.

Carbon capture and conversion using metal–organic frameworks and MOF-based materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as coordination polymers, represent an interesting type of solid crystalline materials that can be straightforwardly self-assembled through the coordination of metal ions/clusters with organic linkers. Owing to the modular nature and mild conditions of MOF synthesis, the porosities of MOF materials can be systematically tuned by judicious selection of molecular building blocks, and a variety of functional sites/groups can be introduced into metal ions/clusters, organic linkers, or pore spaces through pre-designing or post-synthetic approaches. These unique advantages enable MOFs to be used as a highly versatile and tunable platform for exploring multifunctional MOF materials. Here, the bright potential of MOF materials as emerging multifunctional materials is highlighted in some of the most important applications for gas storage and separation, optical, electric and magnetic materials, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.

Emerging Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework Materials.

It is well known that urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the rapidly increasing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are a major contributor to the formation of secondary pollutants (e.g., tropospheric ozone, PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate), and secondary organic aerosols) and photochemical smog. The emission of these pollutants has led to a large decline in air quality in numerous regions around the world, which has ultimately led to concerns regarding their impact on human health and general well-being. Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for VOC removal from industrial waste streams. This Review systematically documents the progresses and developments made in the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts for VOC oxidation over the past two decades. It addresses in detail how catalytic performance is often drastically affected by the pollutant sources and reaction conditions. It also highlights the primary routes for catalyst deactivation and discusses protocols for their subsequent reactivation. Kinetic models and proposed oxidation mechanisms for representative VOCs are also provided. Typical catalytic reactors and oxidizers for industrial VOC destruction are further discussed. We believe that this Review will provide a great foundation and reference point for future design and development in this field.

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Recent Advances in the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review Based on Pollutant Sorts and Sources.

CO2 capture, utilization and storage has been recognized as a primary option to mitigate the issue of climate change caused by the utilization of fossil fuels. Several CO2 capture strategies have b ...

Cryogenic-based CO2 capture technologies: State-of-the-art developments and current challenges

CO2 capture and storage technologies have been recognized as the primary option to mitigate the issue of climate change caused by the utilization of fossil fuels. In the last decades, several CO2 c ...

Alternative pathways for efficient CO2 capture by hybrid processes—A review

NaKA sorbents with high CO2-over-N2 selectivity and high capacity to adsorb CO2

Samples of high-silica SSZ-13, ion exchanged with protons and alkali-metal cations Li+, Na+, and K+, were investigated using adsorption isotherms of CO2 and N2. The results show that Li-, Na-SSZ-13 have excellent CO2 capacity at ambient temperature and pressure; in general, Li-SSZ-13 shows the highest capacity for N2, CO2 particularly in the low-pressure region. The effect of cation type and Si/Al ratio (6 and 12) on the adsorption properties was investigated through analysis of adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption. The separation of CO2 in a flue gas mixture was evaluated for these adsorbents in the pressure swing adsorption and vacuum pressure adsorption processes.

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Adsorption on Cation-Exchanged SSZ-13 Zeolites

Mechanically strong monoliths of zeolite NaKA with a hierarchy of pores displayed very high CO2-over-N2 selectivity. The zeolite monoliths were produced by pulsed current processing (PCP) without the use of added binders and with a preserved microporous crystal structure. Adsorption isotherms of CO2 and N2 were determined and used to predict the co-adsorption of CO2 and N2 using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The IAST predictions showed that monolithic adsorbents of NaKA could reach an extraordinarily high CO2-over-N2 selectivity in a binary mixture with a composition similar to flue gas (15 mol% CO2 and 85 mol% N2 at 25 °C and 101 kPa). Structured NaKA monoliths with a K+ content of 9.9 at% combined a CO2-over-N2 selectivity of >1100 with a high CO2 adsorption capacity (4 mmol g−1) and a fast adsorption kinetics (on the order of one minute). Estimates of a figure of merit (F) based on IAST CO2-over-N2 selectivity, and time-dependent CO2 uptake capacity, suggest that PCP-produced structured NaKA with a K+ content of 9.9 at% offers a performance far superior to 13X adsorbents, in particular at short cycle times.

Qingling Liu

Papers

Cryogenic-based CO2 capture technologies: State-of-the-art developments and current challenges

Alternative pathways for efficient CO2 capture by hybrid processes—A review

NaKA sorbents with high CO2-over-N2 selectivity and high capacity to adsorb CO2

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Adsorption on Cation-Exchanged SSZ-13 Zeolites

Strong and binder free structured zeolite sorbents with very high CO2-over-N2 selectivities and high capacities to adsorb CO2 rapidly