Ralf Bender

TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed dynamical models for a sample of 36 nearby galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry and ground-based kinematics, assuming that each galaxy is axisymmetric, with a two-integral distribution function, arbitrary inclination angle, a position-independent stellar mass-to-light ratio, and a central massive dark object of arbitrary mass M•.

TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation between the mass Mbh of a galaxy's central black hole and the luminosity-weighted line-of-sight velocity dispersion σe within the half-light radius is described.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed dynamical models for a sample of 36 nearby galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope photometry and ground-based kinematics, assuming that each galaxy is axisymmetric, with a two-integral distribution function, arbitrary inclination angle, a position-independent stellar mass-to-light ratio Upsilon, and a central massive dark object of arbitrary mass M_bh.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the range of slopes arises mostly due of sys- tematic differences in the velocity dispersions used by different groups for the same galaxies, and that one significant component of the difference results from Ferrarese & Merritt's extrapolation of central velocity dispersion to re= 8( re is the effective radius) using an empirical formula.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived ages, total metallicities, and element ratios of 124 early-type galaxies in high and low-density environments, and analyzed the data by comparison with mock galaxy samples created through Monte Carlo simulations taking the typical average observational errors into account.