Richard I. Walker

TL;DR: Although strategies to be used for specific mucosal vaccines will depend upon a number of factors pertinent to the disease agent, in concept an adjuvant administered with inactivated but maximally antigenic pathogens or their recombinant adhesive subcomponents could prove to be among the more practical mucosal vaccine options for use globally.

TL;DR: A landscape of Shigella vaccine development efforts is provided, including live attenuated, formalin-killed whole-cell, glycoconjugate, subunit, and novel antigen vaccines (e.g., Type III secretion system and outer membrane proteins).

TL;DR: Leading cellular vaccine candidates are ETVAX and ACE527, both of which have been found to be safe and immunogenic in Phase 1/2 trials, and impact and economic models suggest favorable vaccine cost-effectiveness, which may help expand market interest in ETEC vaccines.

TL;DR: The new oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was safe and broadly immunogenic and dmLT further enhanced mucosal immune responses to CF antigens present in low amounts in the vaccine.

TL;DR: A first-generation oral inactivated whole-cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine, comprising formalin-killed ETEC bacteria expressing different colonization factor (CF) antigens combined with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was tested in phase III studies.