results in a conservative estimate of 218 ± 72 Tg C a 1 . When using the best available estimates of various carbon sinks (organic carbon export, sediment burial, and mineralization), it appears that >50% of the carbon fixed by mangrove vegetation is unaccounted for. This unaccounted carbon sink is conservatively estimated at 112 ± 85 Tg C a 1 , equivalent in magnitude to 30–40% of the global riverine organic carbon input to the coastal zone. Our analysis suggests that mineralization is severely underestimated, and that the majority of carbon export from mangroves to adjacent waters occurs as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). CO2 efflux from sediments and creek waters and tidal export of DIC appear to be the major sinks. These processes are quantitatively comparable in magnitude to the unaccounted carbon sink in current budgets, but are not yet adequately constrained with the limited published data available so far.

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Mangrove Production and Carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates

Mangroves are ecologically and economically important forests of the tropics. They are highly productive ecosystems with rates of primary production equal to those of tropical humid evergreen forests and coral reefs. Although mangroves occupy only 0.5% of the global coastal area, they contribute 10–15% (24 Tg C y−1) to coastal sediment carbon storage and export 10–11% of the particulate terrestrial carbon to the ocean. Their disproportionate contribution to carbon sequestration is now perceived as a means for conservation and restoration and a way to help ameliorate greenhouse gas emissions. Of immediate concern are potential carbon losses to deforestation (90–970 Tg C y−1) that are greater than these ecosystems' rates of carbon storage. Large reservoirs of dissolved inorganic carbon in deep soils, pumped via subsurface pathways to adjacent waterways, are a large loss of carbon, at a potential rate up to 40% of annual primary production. Patterns of carbon allocation and rates of carbon flux in mangrove f...

Carbon Cycling and Storage in Mangrove Forests

/pdf/mangrove-production-and-carbon-sinks-a-revision-of-global-1bp8rlyclg.pdf

Mangrove production and carbon sinks : a revision of global budget estimates - art. no. GB2013

Allometry, biomass, and productivity of mangrove forests: A review

[1] Air-water CO2 fluxes were up-scaled to take into account the latitudinal and ecosystem diversity of the coastal ocean, based on an exhaustive literature survey. Marginal seas at high and temperate latitudes act as sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere, in contrast to subtropical and tropical marginal seas that act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Overall, marginal seas act as a strong sink of CO2 of about −0.45 Pg C yr−1. This sink could be almost fully compensated by the emission of CO2 from the ensemble of near-shore coastal ecosystems of about 0.40 Pg C yr−1. Although this value is subject to large uncertainty, it stresses the importance of the diversity of ecosystems, in particular near-shore systems, when integrating CO2 fluxes at global scale in the coastal ocean.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2005GL023053

Budgeting sinks and sources of CO2 in the coastal ocean: Diversity of ecosystems counts

Mucuna pruriens L. is an important medicinal plant reported to contain L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA). The present report describes a simple protocol for plant regeneration through callus morphogenesis in four strains belonging to two different varieties of Mucuna pruriens. Friable, soft and nodular callus was induced from nodal and internodal segments of in vitro-grown seedlings on modified Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). For regeneration of shoots, the callus tissues were transferred to medium supplemented with various levels of cytokinin. Highest shoot regeneration from the callus tissue was achieved in modified MS medium fortified with BAP at 1.33 μM level. The regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro in half-strength of liquid MS medium supplemented with various levels of NAA. The regenerates were acclimatized for 2–3 weeks and showed about 80 % survival rate after transferring to the field. Cytological analysis revealed chromosome number stability of all the regenerates (2n = 22) with complete absence of aneuploidy. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analyses of total genomic DNA supported stability at the molecular level among all the clones of these strains when compared with their mother plants.

Rapid and stable in vitro regeneration of plants through callus morphogenesis in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens L. – an anti Parkinson’s drug yielding plant

SUMMARYThe present communication deals with the study of chromosome behaviour in plants, regenerated in vitro through direct adventitious bud formation from leaf segments in Solanum sarrachoides Sendt. Highest number of adventitious shoots was obtained in MS semisolid medium supplemented with 2iP (2 mgl−1) as the only growth regulator. Addition of IAA was necessary in the later phase of culture to obtain better growth and development of shoots with well-defined leaves, roots, flowers and fruits. Analysis of the pollen mother and root tip cells of the regenerants showed n = 12 and 2n = 24 chromosomes respectively. Hyperdiploids along with the normal diploid cells were also recorded in low percentage.

Chromosome Behaviour in Regenerants from Excised Leaf Discs of Solanum Sarrachoides Sendt.

Karyotype analysis and in situ 4C nuclear DNA quantification in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens L.

An attempt has been made to enhance colchicine biosynthesis in Iphigenia indica L grown in vitro by exogenous supply of precursors and elicitors during culture. Addition of tyrosine at 30 mg l−1 enhanced colchicine accumulation up to 6.1 mg g−1 dry wt (control 0.99 mg g−1 dry wt), while 25 μM NiSO4 stimulated maximum colchicine accumulation (10.25 fold of control value). The colchicine accumulation was recorded as 16.25 mg g−1 dry wt when NiSO4 was added with tyrosine.

A Biotechnological Approach for Enhancement of Colchicine Accumulation in Iphigenia indica Kunth

Background: In the present study, an attempt has been taken to evaluate phylogenetic relationship among six different species of Asparagus by utilizing 20 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 2 isozyme markers. The species of Asparagus of Asparagaceae (formerly Liliaceae) are important as ornamental, vegetable and medicinal plants. Result and conclusion: Generated RAPD and ISSR fragments showed high variance among species and population level. The UPGMA cluster analysis and Squared Euclidean matrix prepared from RAPD, ISSR and isozyme data revealed a distinct relationship between these different species of Asparagus.

Sandip Mukhopadhyay

Papers

Rapid and stable in vitro regeneration of plants through callus morphogenesis in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens L. – an anti Parkinson’s drug yielding plant

Chromosome Behaviour in Regenerants from Excised Leaf Discs of Solanum Sarrachoides Sendt.

Karyotype analysis and in situ 4C nuclear DNA quantification in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens L.

A Biotechnological Approach for Enhancement of Colchicine Accumulation in Iphigenia indica Kunth

Phylogenetic relationship among six economically important species of Asparagus utilizing RAPD, ISSR and isozyme polymorphism