Sanne J. Gordijn

TL;DR: The group agreed on sets of uniform sampling criteria, placental gross descriptors, pathologic terminologies, and diagnostic criteria for placental lesions, which will assist in international comparability of clinicopathologic and scientific studies and assist in refining the significance of lesions associated with adverse pregnancy and later health outcomes.

TL;DR: In this article, a Delphi survey was conducted among an international panel of experts on early and late fetal growth restriction (FGR) to determine, by expert consensus, a definition for early FGR through Delphi procedure.

TL;DR: The role of ACE2 in CO VID‐19 pathophysiology is described, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID‐19 severity, and the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are discussed.

TL;DR: The most important function of the placenta is the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between a mother and her fetus, and presence of hypoxia leads to oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, thereby causing damage to proteins, lipids and DNA.

TL;DR: The pathophysiological Tulip classification system for underlying cause and mechanism of perinatal mortality based on clinical and pathological findings for the purpose of counselling and prevention is introduced.