Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes containing different functionalities has been reviewed using TiO2 as photocatalyst in aqueous solution under solar and UV irradiation. The mechanism of the photodegradation depends on the radiation used. Charge injection mechanism takes place under visible radiation whereas charge separation occurred under UV light radiation. The process is monitored by following either the decolorization rate and the formation of its end-products. Kinetic analyses indicate that the photodegradation rates of azo dyes can usually be approximated as pseudo-first-order kinetics for both degradation mechanisms, according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The degradation of dyes depend on several parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration and the presence of electron acceptors such as hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulphate besides molecular oxygen. The presence of other substances such as inorganic ions, humic acids and solvents commonly found in textile effluents is also discussed. The photocatalyzed degradation of pesticides does not occur instantaneously to form carbon dioxide, but through the formation of long-lived intermediate species. Thus, the study focuses also on the determination of the nature of the principal organic intermediates and the evolution of the mineralization as well as on the degradation pathways followed during the process. Major identified intermediates are hydroxylated derivatives, aromatic amines, naphthoquinone, phenolic compounds and several organic acids. By-products evaluation and toxicity measurements are the key-actions in order to assess the overall process.

TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations A review

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/33344/4/A%20review%20on%20the%20occurrence%20of%20micropollutants%20in%20the%20aquatic%20environment%20and%20their%20fate%20and%20removal%20during%20wastewater%20treatment.pdf

A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment

Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment

This article shows how the right process can be chosen to suit the particular characteristics of the sludge and the final disposal route.

Dewatering and drying of water industry sludges

Optimisation of energy consumption of a decentralised small scale MBR for urban reuse

Reuse: Industrial effluent recycling in the power industry

The efficacy of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes was assessed for the concentration of actual waterworks sludges using crossflow tubular membranes operated at constant trans-membrane pressure. The MF membrane gave higher initial fluxes than the UF membrane but after 10 min of filtration the flux value and its decline tended to be very similar for both membranes operating under the same conditions. All membranes gave permeate product water of R versus feed solids concentration C for all the data generated for t >0 demonstrated reasonable agreement with the expression R ∝ c a where a=0.37 in the current study. This trend has been recorded in previous reported studies, a varying between 0.33 and 0.62 depending on sludge dewaterability.

Membrane thickening of water works sludge

Low-pressure membrane technology (ultrafiltration and microfiltration) has been applied to two key effluents generated by the petroleum industry: produced water (PW) from oil exploration, a significant proportion being generated offshore, and onshore refinery/petrochemical effluent. PW is treated physicochemically to remove the oil prior to discharge, whereas the onshore effluents are often treated biologically to remove both the suspended and dissolved organic fractions. This review examines the efficacy and extent of implementation of membrane technology for these two distinct applications, focusing on data and information pertaining to the treatment of real effluents at large/full scale. Reported data trends from PW membrane filtration reveal that, notwithstanding extensive testing of ceramic membrane material for this duty, the mean fluxes sustained are highly variable and generally insufficiently high for offshore treatment on oil platforms where space is limited. This appears to be associated with the use of polymer for chemically-enhanced enhanced oil recovery, which causes significant membrane fouling impairing membrane permeability. Against this, the application of MBRs to onshore oil effluent treatment is well established, with a relatively narrow range of flux values reported (9–17 L·m−2·h−1) and >80% COD removal. It is concluded that the prospects of MBRs for petroleum industry effluent treatment are more favorable than implementation of membrane filtration for offshore PW treatment.

/pdf/a-brief-review-of-the-status-of-low-pressure-membrane-1k0jvs4r.pdf

Simon J. Judd

Papers

Dewatering and drying of water industry sludges

Optimisation of energy consumption of a decentralised small scale MBR for urban reuse

Reuse: Industrial effluent recycling in the power industry

Membrane thickening of water works sludge

A Brief Review of the Status of Low-Pressure Membrane Technology Implementation for Petroleum Industry Effluent Treatment