Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes containing different functionalities has been reviewed using TiO2 as photocatalyst in aqueous solution under solar and UV irradiation. The mechanism of the photodegradation depends on the radiation used. Charge injection mechanism takes place under visible radiation whereas charge separation occurred under UV light radiation. The process is monitored by following either the decolorization rate and the formation of its end-products. Kinetic analyses indicate that the photodegradation rates of azo dyes can usually be approximated as pseudo-first-order kinetics for both degradation mechanisms, according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The degradation of dyes depend on several parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration and the presence of electron acceptors such as hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulphate besides molecular oxygen. The presence of other substances such as inorganic ions, humic acids and solvents commonly found in textile effluents is also discussed. The photocatalyzed degradation of pesticides does not occur instantaneously to form carbon dioxide, but through the formation of long-lived intermediate species. Thus, the study focuses also on the determination of the nature of the principal organic intermediates and the evolution of the mineralization as well as on the degradation pathways followed during the process. Major identified intermediates are hydroxylated derivatives, aromatic amines, naphthoquinone, phenolic compounds and several organic acids. By-products evaluation and toxicity measurements are the key-actions in order to assess the overall process.

TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations A review

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/33344/4/A%20review%20on%20the%20occurrence%20of%20micropollutants%20in%20the%20aquatic%20environment%20and%20their%20fate%20and%20removal%20during%20wastewater%20treatment.pdf

A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment

Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment

Experimental work undertaken to explore the aptness of low-pressure dynamically formed membranes (DFMs) for colour removal from dyewastes is reported. Hydrous zirconium oxide-polyacrylic acid (Zr-PAA) membranes have been dynamically formed on a composite, ceramic-metal mesh microfiltration (MF) membrane at pressures and cross-flow velocities below 1.5 MPa and 3 m/s respectively. Resulting membranes were assessed on feed steams containing inorganic salts and commercial direct, acid and basic dyes. Membrane performance, expressed as permeate flux and solute rejection, was quantified under various feedwater conditions of salt and dye concentration, dye type and feed temperature.

Assessment of the colour removal capability of low-pressure dynamically formed membranes:

/pdf/membrane-gas-absorbers-for-h2s-removal-design-operation-and-qf29gbe0rb.pdf

Membrane gas absorbers for h2s removal – design, operation and technology integration into existing odour treatment strategies

Water security has been identified as one of three “priority challenges” for the State of Qatar. The gas industry can contribute to meeting this challenge by developing novel treatment methods, e.g. membrane bioreactors (MBR), to enable cost-effective reuse of produced water (PW) generated during gas field operations. In this study, the results of various tests on the biotreatability of PW from summer operations at Qatari gas fields are presented. The results indicated that, on average, 60% of the chemical oxygen demand was removed in an MBR and that bioactivity, at a hydraulic retention time of 16 hours, was feed-limited.

Simon J. Judd

Papers

Assessment of the colour removal capability of low-pressure dynamically formed membranes:

Membrane gas absorbers for h2s removal – design, operation and technology integration into existing odour treatment strategies

Application of Membrane Bioreactor Technology for Produced Water Treatment

Errata to “Pre-coagulation for microfiltration of an upland surface water”: [Water Research 38 (2) (2004) 455–465]

International IWA Conference on Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment