We propose a deep convolutional neural network architecture codenamed Inception that achieves the new state of the art for classification and detection in the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2014 (ILSVRC14). The main hallmark of this architecture is the improved utilization of the computing resources inside the network. By a carefully crafted design, we increased the depth and width of the network while keeping the computational budget constant. To optimize quality, the architectural decisions were based on the Hebbian principle and the intuition of multi-scale processing. One particular incarnation used in our submission for ILSVRC14 is called GoogLeNet, a 22 layers deep network, the quality of which is assessed in the context of classification and detection.

/pdf/going-deeper-with-convolutions-1yobw2o2ds.pdf

Going deeper with convolutions

There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Many problems of recent interest in statistics and machine learning can be posed in the framework of convex optimization. Due to the explosion in size and complexity of modern datasets, it is increasingly important to be able to solve problems with a very large number of features or training examples. As a result, both the decentralized collection or storage of these datasets as well as accompanying distributed solution methods are either necessary or at least highly desirable. In this review, we argue that the alternating direction method of multipliers is well suited to distributed convex optimization, and in particular to large-scale problems arising in statistics, machine learning, and related areas. The method was developed in the 1970s, with roots in the 1950s, and is equivalent or closely related to many other algorithms, such as dual decomposition, the method of multipliers, Douglas–Rachford splitting, Spingarn's method of partial inverses, Dykstra's alternating projections, Bregman iterative algorithms for l1 problems, proximal methods, and others. After briefly surveying the theory and history of the algorithm, we discuss applications to a wide variety of statistical and machine learning problems of recent interest, including the lasso, sparse logistic regression, basis pursuit, covariance selection, support vector machines, and many others. We also discuss general distributed optimization, extensions to the nonconvex setting, and efficient implementation, including some details on distributed MPI and Hadoop MapReduce implementations.

/pdf/distributed-optimization-and-statistical-learning-via-the-8s9gtddw0d.pdf

Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

A Non-oscillatory Eulerian Approach to Interfaces in Multimaterial Flows (the Ghost Fluid Method)

We introduce a new iterative regularization procedure for inverse problems based on the use of Bregman distances, with particular focus on problems arising in image processing. We are motivated by the problem of restoring noisy and blurry images via variational methods by using total variation regularization. We obtain rigorous convergence results and effective stopping criteria for the general procedure. The numerical results for denoising appear to give significant improvement over standard models, and preliminary results for deblurring/denoising are very encouraging.

/pdf/an-iterative-regularization-method-for-total-variation-based-3dl3sp5cav.pdf

An Iterative Regularization Method for Total Variation-Based Image Restoration

We propose simple and extremely efficient methods for solving the basis pursuit problem $\min\{\|u\|_1 : Au = f, u\in\mathbb{R}^n\},$ which is used in compressed sensing. Our methods are based on Bregman iterative regularization, and they give a very accurate solution after solving only a very small number of instances of the unconstrained problem $\min_{u\in\mathbb{R}^n} \mu\|u\|_1+\frac{1}{2}\|Au-f^k\|_2^2$ for given matrix $A$ and vector $f^k$. We show analytically that this iterative approach yields exact solutions in a finite number of steps and present numerical results that demonstrate that as few as two to six iterations are sufficient in most cases. Our approach is especially useful for many compressed sensing applications where matrix-vector operations involving $A$ and $A^\top$ can be computed by fast transforms. Utilizing a fast fixed-point continuation solver that is based solely on such operations for solving the above unconstrained subproblem, we were able to quickly solve huge instances of compressed sensing problems on a standard PC.

https://epubs.siam.org/doi/pdf/10.1137/070703983

Bregman Iterative Algorithms for $\ell_1$-Minimization with Applications to Compressed Sensing

We propose the use of nonlocal operators to define new types of flows and functionals for image processing and elsewhere. A main advantage over classical PDE-based algorithms is the ability to handle better textures and repetitive structures. This topic can be viewed as an extension of spectral graph theory and the diffusion geometry framework to functional analysis and PDE-like evolutions. Some possible applications and numerical examples are given, as is a general framework for approximating Hamilton–Jacobi equations on arbitrary grids in high demensions, e.g., for control theory.

Nonlocal Operators with Applications to Image Processing

https://www.ux.uis.no/~s-skj/Mod2FasePorNettVerk.06/Papers-LevelSet/30.%20Zhao_Merriman_Osher_VarLevelSet_1996.pdf

Stanley Osher

Papers

A Non-oscillatory Eulerian Approach to Interfaces in Multimaterial Flows (the Ghost Fluid Method)

An Iterative Regularization Method for Total Variation-Based Image Restoration

Bregman Iterative Algorithms for $\ell_1$-Minimization with Applications to Compressed Sensing

Nonlocal Operators with Applications to Image Processing

A Variational Level Set Approach to Multiphase Motion