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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Nonlinear dynamics for broadband energy harvesting: Investigation of a bistable piezoelectric inertial generator

High-Performance Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Their Applications

More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC-DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power management circuits.

Micropower energy harvesting

In this paper, a summary of published techniques for power conditioning within energy harvesting systems is presented. The focus is on low-power systems, e.g, <;10 mW, for kinetic energy harvesting. Published concepts are grouped according to functionality and results contrasted. The various techniques described are considered in terms of complexity, efficiency, quiescent power consumption, startup behavior, and utilization of the harvester compared to an optimum load. This paper concludes with an overview of power management techniques that aim to maximize the extracted power and the utilization of the energy harvester.

Review of Power Conditioning for Kinetic Energy Harvesting Systems

A fundamental drawback of vibration-based energy harvesters is that they typically feature a resonant mass/spring mechanical system to amplify the small source vibrations; the limited bandwidth of the mechanical amplifier restricts the effectiveness of the energy harvester considerably. By extending the range of input frequencies over which a vibration energy harvester can generate useful power, e.g. through adaptive tuning, it is not only possible to open up a wider range of applications, such as those where the source frequency changes over time, but also possible to relax the requirements for precision manufacture or the need for mechanical adjustment in situ. In this paper, a vibration-based energy harvester connected to a generalized electrical load (containing both real and reactive impedance) is presented. It is demonstrated that the reactive component of the electrical load can be used to tune the harvester system to significantly increase the output power away from the resonant peak of the device. An analytical model of the system is developed, which includes non-ideal components arising from the physical implementation, and the results are confirmed by experiment. The − 3 dB (half-power) bandwidth of the prototype energy harvester is shown to be over three times greater when presented with an optimized load impedance compared to that for the same harvester presented with an optimized resistive only load.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/19/5/055003/pdf

Tuning a resonant energy harvester using a generalized electrical load

The aircraft industry is developing the more electric aircraft (MEA) with an ultimate goal of distributing only electrical power across the airframe. The replacement of existing systems with electric equivalents has, and will continue to, significantly increase the electrical power requirement. This has created a need for the enhancement of generation capacity and changes to distribution systems. The higher powers will push distribution voltages higher in order to limit conduction losses and reduce cable size, and hence weight. A power electronic interface may be required to regulate generator output into the distributed power form.

Electrical generation and distribution for the more electric aircraft

In this paper, a complete power conditioning system for a vibration energy harvester is presented that operates at ultralow power levels The power conditioning system, implemented with discrete components, is self-starting and fully autonomous, and based upon a full-wave boost rectifier topology The design utilizes the stray inductance of the harvester's coil, eliminating the need for separate inductors, and employs open-loop control that reduces the quiescent power overhead to just 21 μW, while still extracting 84% of the maximum available power from the harvester The design of the subsystems, including self-start circuitry, is described in detail, and it is shown that careful active device selection is required to minimize losses It is experimentally demonstrated that the power converter achieves conversion efficiencies of up to 76% at submilliwatt power levels, including quiescent losses The overall system efficiency peaks at 65% at 09 mW, while still achieving 51% at 200 μW The ability of this system to operate efficiently at ultralow average power levels opens up new possibilities to further miniaturize vibration harvesters and deploy them into environments with lower vibration levels than is currently possible

Ultralow Power, Fully Autonomous Boost Rectifier for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters

In order to maximize power density, the resonant frequency of an energy harvester should be equal to the source excitation frequency and the electrical damping set equal to the parasitic damping. These parameters should be adjustable during device operation because the excitation characteristics can change. This brief presents, for the first time, a power electronic interface that is capable of continual adjustment of the damping and the resonant frequency of an energy harvester by controlling real and reactive power exchange between the electrical and mechanical domains while storing the harvested energy in a battery. The advantages of this technique over previously proposed methods are the precise control over the tuning parameters of the electrical system and integrated rectification within the tuning interface. Experimental results verify the operation, and the prototype system presented can change the resonant frequency of the electromechanical system by ±10% and increase the damping by 45%. As the input excitation frequency was swept away from the unmodified resonant frequency of the harvester, the use of the tuning mechanism was shown to increase real power generation by up to 25%. The prototype harvester is capable of generating 100 mW at an excitation frequency of 1.25 Hz.

Steve G Burrow

Papers

Review of Power Conditioning for Kinetic Energy Harvesting Systems

Tuning a resonant energy harvester using a generalized electrical load

Electrical generation and distribution for the more electric aircraft

Ultralow Power, Fully Autonomous Boost Rectifier for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters

Tuning the Resonant Frequency and Damping of an Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Using Power Electronics