Showing papers by "Susanne K. Kjaer published in 2005"

Acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus infection in younger men: a prospective follow-up study among Danish soldiers.

Abstract: No data is yet available on incidence or persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men. We enrolled 374 younger male conscripts (18-29 years) in a prospective study, and they were examined twice with an interval of 6 to 8 months. Data collection included a questionnaire and a sample of cells from the penis for HPV detection using PCR. In addition, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was assessed in urine samples by means of PCR. The HPV prevalence at the first and second examinations was 33.8% and 31.9%, respectively. The acquisition rate of HPV (overall) during follow-up was 13.8%, and nearly one fourth of the participants were HPV positive at both examinations. Number of sex partners during follow-up was the most important risk factor for acquiring HPV (odds ratio, 17.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.6-64.7, for ≥3 partners versus ≤1 partner). In contrast, acquisition of a new HPV type in initially HPV-positive men was strongly related to having multiple HPV types at enrollment (OR, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-12.3). This was also the most important risk factor for HPV persistence together with current smoking and having a high-risk HPV type at enrollment. This is the first study to assess risk factors for acquisition and persistence of HPV. The sexually transmitted nature of the infection is confirmed, and the data point to an important role of having multiple HPV types for persistence.

Relationship of benign gynecologic diseases to subsequent risk of ovarian and uterine tumors.

Abstract: Objective: Although endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas are common conditions, the extent to which either is associated with certain types of malignancies remains uncertain. Methods: Using record linkage techniques, we assessed the relationships between hospital and outpatient admissions for endometriosis or leiomyomas and the development of ovarian and uterine cancers in Denmark between 1978 and 1998. Based on a population-based cohort exceeding 99,000 women, including 2,491 ovarian cancers, 860 borderline ovarian tumors, and 1,398 uterine cancers, we derived relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with overall and histology-specific tumor risks after adjustment for calendar time and reproductive characteristics. Results: Endometriosis seemed to predispose to the development of ovarian cancer, with the association restricted to endometrioid or clear cell malignancies. Five or more years after the diagnosis of endometriosis, the RRs (95% CIs) were 2.53 (1.19-5.38) for endometrioid (7 exposed cases) and 3.37 (1.24-9.14) for clear cell (4 exposed cases) malignancies. Uterine leiomyomas were associated with increases in the risk of uterine malignancies, particularly sarcomas, where the RRs (95% CIs) were 20.80 (11.32-38.22) for women with 1 to 4 years of follow-up (11 exposed cases) and 5.70 (2.27-14.32) for those with more extended follow-up (5 exposed cases). Conclusion: In combination with clinical, pathologic, and molecular data, our results support that some endometriotic lesions may predispose to clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers. Uterine leiomyomas also showed a strong connection with subsequent uterine sarcomas, although it was difficult to decipher whether this reflected detection bias, shared risk factors, or an etiologic relationship. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2929–35)

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Abstract: DNA repair gene polymorphisms and mutations are known to influence cancer risk. We studied whether polymorphisms in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair genes are associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. Up to 1,600 cases and 4,241 controls from 4 separate genetic association studies from 3 countries were genotyped for 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 6 genes (BRCA1, NBS1, RAD51, RAD52, XRCC2 and XRCC3) involved in homologous recombination of DNA double strand breaks. Genotype specific risks were estimated as odds ratios (OR) by unconditional logistic regression. No association was detected between EOC risk and BRCA1 Q356R, BRCA1 P871L, RAD51 g135c, RAD51 g172t, RAD52 c2259t, NBS1 L34L, NBS1 E185Q, NBS1 A399A, NBS1 P672P, XRCC2 g4324c, XRCC2 c41657t and XRCC3 T241M. The XRCC2 R188H polymorphism was associated with a modest reduction in EOC risk: OR for heterozygotes was 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7-1.0) and for rare homozygotes 0.3 (0.1-0.9). The XRCC3 a4541g polymorphism, situated in the 5'UTR, and the intronic XRCC3 a17893g polymorphism were not associated with EOC risk in general, but when the serous EOC subset only was analysed, the OR for heterozygotes for a4541g was 1.0 (0.9-1.2) and for the rare homozygotes 0.5 (0.3-0.9). For the XRCC3 a17893g polymorphism, the OR for the heterozygotes and the rare homozygotes were 0.8 (0.7-0.9) and 0.9 (0.7-1.2), respectively. In our study, some polymorphisms in XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes were associated with EOC risk. Further research on the role of these genes on epithelial ovarian cancer is warranted.

Trends in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Denmark 1978-2002. Comparison with other Nordic countries

Abstract: Background. The Nordic countries are well-known high-incidence areas of ovarian cancer, but even within the Nordic countries, differences exist. Methods. Focus in this descriptive epidemiological study is to assess developments in incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in Denmark 1978-2002 and to make a comparison with the development in the other Nordic countries. The results are based on data from the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry as well as the other Nordic Cancer Registries. Results. A total of 14 325 cases of ovarian cancer were registered from 1978 to 2002 in Denmark. In this period, the age-standardized incidence decreased slightly from 14.3 (1978-1982) to 13.3 per 100 000 woman-years (1998-2002). The histology-specific time trends showed a tendency towards more specified histological diagnoses. Iceland had the highest age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence in the Nordic countries, whereas Denmark had the highest mortality rate. In the entire period, the Danish mortality rate declined from 10...

Increased risk of ovarian cancer in integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes

Abstract: We previously demonstrated that integrin beta(3) Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of cancer, possibly most pronounced for ovarian cancer. We now test the latter hypothesis in case-control and prospective studies. We genotyped 463 Danish women with ovarian cancer, and 4291 women from the Danish general population. Calculation of odds ratios by conditional logistic regression was performed in the case-control study (n = 463 + 3543), and of ovarian cancer incidence, log-rank statistics and hazard ratios by Cox regression in the prospective study (n = 4291) with 9.5-year follow-up. In the case-control study matched for age and marital status, the odds ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.6). In the prospective study with 28 incident ovarian cancers, non-carriers and homozygotes had incidences of 7 (4-11) and 30 (10-92) per 10 000 person-years (log-rank P = 0.02). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 3.9 (1.1-13). Risk of ovarian cancer did not differ between heterozygotes and non-carriers in either study. Integrin beta(3) Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.