https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/20668273/Manuscript_ARGs_in_Global_Lakes_2018_04_06_Elsevier_No_Track.pdf

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in global lakes: A review and meta-analysis.

Occurrence and fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in typical urban water of Beijing, China.

A laser efficiency of 4.2% at 4.2‐J output has been obtained from a self‐sustained discharge‐pumped XeCl laser using a novel high‐voltage prepulse technique to provide efficient energy transfer from a low‐impedance transmission line to the load. High‐pressure discharge‐pumped lasers now offer a reliable, efficient, and scalable alternative to e beams for many applications in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum.

Efficient discharge pumping of an XeCl laser using a high-voltage prepulse

State of the art of tertiary treatment technologies for controlling antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants, which have been frequently detected in different aquatic environments, posing potential risk to public health and ecosystem. A properly...

Removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in various wastewater treatment processes: An overview

The aim of this study was to elucidate the inactivation effects on the antibiotic-resistance gene (vanA) of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) using chlorination, a disinfection method widely used in various water treatment facilities. Suspensions of VRE were prepared by adding VRE to phosphate-buffered saline, or the sterilized secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. The inactivation experiments were carried out at several chlorine concentrations and stirring time. Enterococci concentration and presence of vanA were determined. The enterococci concentration decreased as chlorine concentrations and stirring times increased, with more than 7.0 log reduction occurring under the following conditions: 40 min stirring at 0.5 mg Cl2/L, 20 min stirring at 1.0 mg Cl2/L, and 3 min stirring at 3.0 mg Cl2/L. In the inactivation experiment using VRE suspended in secondary effluent, the culturable enterococci required much higher chlorine concentration and longer treatment time for complete disinfection than the cases of suspension of VRE. However, vanA was detected in all chlorinated suspensions of VRE, even in samples where no enterococcal colonies were present on the medium agar plate. The chlorine disinfection was not able to destroy antibiotic-resistance genes, though it can inactivate and decrease bacterial counts of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Therefore, it was suggested that remaining ARB and/or antibiotic-resistance gene in inactivated bacterial cells after chlorine disinfection tank could be discharged into water environments.

Inactivation Effect of Antibiotic-Resistant Gene Using Chlorine Disinfection

Pathogens and disease vectors/hosts monitoring in aquatic environments: Potential of using eDNA/eRNA based approach.

Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in sewage by applying pulsed electric fields

Hospitals and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are high-risk point sources of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigates the occurrence of clinically relevant ARGs (sul1, tet(B), blaCTX-M, blaNDM-1, qnrS) and a class one integron (intI1) gene in urban rivers, hospitals, and municipal wastewater in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Twenty-five water samples were collected from three rivers, six hospitals, and a wastewater treatment plant to determine the concentrations of ARGs and intI1 using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. From the results, all tested ARGs were detected in the river water; also, concentrations of ARGs in WWTP and hospital effluents varied from 6.2 to 12.5 log10 copies/L, highlighting the role of a WWTP and hospitals in the dissemination of ARGs. Except for blaNDM-1, significant positive correlations were found between intI1 and other individual ARGs (r = 0.71–0.96, p < 0.05), indicating the probable implications of intI1 in the transfer of ARGs. Furthermore, this study supports the statement that the blaNDM-1 gene is most likely to be spread in the environment through untreated hospital wastewater. Due to the interaction of surface water and groundwater, future research should focus on ARGs and factors associated with the increase/decrease in their concentration levels in drinking water sources of the Kathmandu Valley.

Takashi Furukawa

Papers

Inactivation Effect of Antibiotic-Resistant Gene Using Chlorine Disinfection

Pathogens and disease vectors/hosts monitoring in aquatic environments: Potential of using eDNA/eRNA based approach.

Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in sewage by applying pulsed electric fields

Release of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes from Hospitals and a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

nNatural factories that manufacture antimicrobial resistance genes: quadruple bla GES-carrying plasmids in Aeromonas and Pseudomonas species