Purpose of reviewThis review highlights recent work evaluating the relationship between exercise, physical activity and physical and mental health. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, as well as randomized clinical trials, are included. Special attention is given to physical conditions, i

Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity.

Background
The scoping review has become an increasingly popular approach for synthesizing research evidence. It is a relatively new approach for which a universal study definition or definitive procedure has not been established. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of scoping reviews in the literature.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was conducted in four bibliographic databases and the gray literature to identify scoping review studies. Review selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms.

Results
The search identified 344 scoping reviews published from 1999 to October 2012. The reviews varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of reporting. Nearly three-quarter of reviews (74.1%) addressed a health topic. Study completion times varied from 2 weeks to 20 months, and 51% utilized a published methodological framework. Quality assessment of included studies was infrequently performed (22.38%).

Conclusions
Scoping reviews are a relatively new but increasingly common approach for mapping broad topics. Because of variability in their conduct, there is a need for their methodological standardization to ensure the utility and strength of evidence. © 2014 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jrsm.1123

A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency

Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years?

Quality of life: Its definition and measurement☆

Health and Well-Being in the Workplace: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature

The effects of group discussion and decision-making on subsequent individual decisions of mentally retarded residents of group homes were studied. Meeting in groups of four, the subjects discussed and attempted to make group decisions of 6 of 12 interview questions (experimental) but did not discuss the remainder of the questions (control). Between the pretest and the posttest, there was a significantly greater increase in the quality of answers to the experimental than to the control questions. Also, leadership status moderately correlated with individual participation rates and initial task competence but not with verbal intelligence.

Group Decision-Making by Mentally Retarded Adults.

Current issues, controversies, and solutions

This chapter examines the support group experiences of minority families of persons with mental illness.

Support group satisfaction: a comparison of minority and white families.

Older Adults with Mental Retardation and Their Families

The increased life expectancy of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) makes it essential for clinicians, caregivers, and public policy makers to adapt to meet the unique needs of this population. In this chapter we explore the challenges of older adults with IDD, including changing health needs with age. The general deterioration associated with the aging process combined with the presence of aging family carers provides challenges. Knowledge of common age-associated conditions and aging complications caused by specific syndromes assist clinicians in delivering appropriate preventative health care. The presence of IDD may make diagnosis of conditions such as dementia difficult since there is already some cognitive limitation in this group. As the life expectancy of this population continues to increase in the coming years, so should our knowledge of best practices for supporting aging individuals with IDD.

Tamar Heller

Papers

Group Decision-Making by Mentally Retarded Adults.

Current issues, controversies, and solutions

Support group satisfaction: a comparison of minority and white families.

Older Adults with Mental Retardation and Their Families

Aging: Demographics, Trajectories and Health System Issues