Purpose of reviewThis review highlights recent work evaluating the relationship between exercise, physical activity and physical and mental health. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, as well as randomized clinical trials, are included. Special attention is given to physical conditions, i

Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity.

Background
The scoping review has become an increasingly popular approach for synthesizing research evidence. It is a relatively new approach for which a universal study definition or definitive procedure has not been established. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of scoping reviews in the literature.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was conducted in four bibliographic databases and the gray literature to identify scoping review studies. Review selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms.

Results
The search identified 344 scoping reviews published from 1999 to October 2012. The reviews varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of reporting. Nearly three-quarter of reviews (74.1%) addressed a health topic. Study completion times varied from 2 weeks to 20 months, and 51% utilized a published methodological framework. Quality assessment of included studies was infrequently performed (22.38%).

Conclusions
Scoping reviews are a relatively new but increasingly common approach for mapping broad topics. Because of variability in their conduct, there is a need for their methodological standardization to ensure the utility and strength of evidence. © 2014 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jrsm.1123

A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency

Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years?

Quality of life: Its definition and measurement☆

Health and Well-Being in the Workplace: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature

Health Promotion and Women

The social adaptation of mentally disabled adults introduced to two new vocational rehabilitation settings was investigated. Client behavior was observed for 8 weeks after placement in an evaluation center and for an additional 8 weeks in subsequent workshop settings. During the evaluation period, clients' sociability increased with time in the program. In the later workshop placements, the social milieu rather than time in the program influenced the degree of client sociability. Specifically, in the first 2 weeks of workshop placement, clients placed in Workshop A, which had a more sociable milieu, remained at the high levels of sociability, similar to the last weeks in the evaluation phase. In contrast, clients placed in Workshop B showed a decline in sociability, which was related to environmental variables. Clients initially affiliated more with other clients they knew during evaluation, but this tendency decreased as they became integrated into the workshop program.

/pdf/social-ecology-of-supervised-communal-facilities-for-4q8dj0r74o.pdf

Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults: VI. Initial social adaptation

Most people with developmental disabilities are limited in their daily activities by functional or cognitive deficits. Until recently, these limitations restricted independent living. With the passage of community integration legislation and improved access to assistive technology, many people can now live in supported living situations in the community. This study assessed 268 nursing home residents with developmental disabilities to determine both the functional limitations that restricted residential options and the types of assistive devices needed. Results of this study showed that the greater the prevalence of functional limitations, the less likely people were to move out of nursing homes. The types of equipment most needed by residents of nursing homes were wheelchairs and seating systems. With the expansion of opportunities in community residences, additional assistive technology is needed to optimize functional abilities and community integration.

The transition from nursing homes to community living for people with developmental disabilities: An assessment of the assistive technology needs and usage

Funding for articles in this special topic issue was provided by The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Families and Children, Administration on Developmental Disabilities through contract number HHS-2008-ACF-ADD-DD-OO81 awarded to the Institute for Human Development at the University of Missouri, Kansas City. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences grant number R324B070159 and the National Institute on Disability Rehabilitation Research grant number H133A031727, both awarded to the Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, University of Kansas and Grant #H133B080009, awarded to the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Aging with Developmental Disabilities: Lifespan Health and Function, University of Illinois at Chicago. Opinions expressed herein, however, do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the Administration on Developmental Disabilities or the U.S. Department of Education, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Correspondence should be sent to Carl Calkins, Institute for Human Development, University of Missouri, Kansas City, 215 W. Pershing, 6th Floor, Kansas City, MO 64108. E-mail: calkinsc@umkc.edu

Introduction to the Special Issue on Scaling Up Efforts to Promote the Self-Determination of People with Developmental Disabilities

The present study examined the degree to which residential characteristics and social factors are associated with mortality, after controlling for personal characteristics, among adults wi...

Tamar Heller

Papers

Health Promotion and Women

Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults: VI. Initial social adaptation

The transition from nursing homes to community living for people with developmental disabilities: An assessment of the assistive technology needs and usage

Introduction to the Special Issue on Scaling Up Efforts to Promote the Self-Determination of People with Developmental Disabilities

Residential characteristics, social factors, and mortality among adults with intellectual disabilities: transitions out of nursing homes.