Purpose of reviewThis review highlights recent work evaluating the relationship between exercise, physical activity and physical and mental health. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, as well as randomized clinical trials, are included. Special attention is given to physical conditions, i

Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity.

Background
The scoping review has become an increasingly popular approach for synthesizing research evidence. It is a relatively new approach for which a universal study definition or definitive procedure has not been established. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of scoping reviews in the literature.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was conducted in four bibliographic databases and the gray literature to identify scoping review studies. Review selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms.

Results
The search identified 344 scoping reviews published from 1999 to October 2012. The reviews varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of reporting. Nearly three-quarter of reviews (74.1%) addressed a health topic. Study completion times varied from 2 weeks to 20 months, and 51% utilized a published methodological framework. Quality assessment of included studies was infrequently performed (22.38%).

Conclusions
Scoping reviews are a relatively new but increasingly common approach for mapping broad topics. Because of variability in their conduct, there is a need for their methodological standardization to ensure the utility and strength of evidence. © 2014 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jrsm.1123

A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency

Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years?

Quality of life: Its definition and measurement☆

Health and Well-Being in the Workplace: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature

Tested was a political socio-economic model of state institution utilization for persons with intellectual disabilities in theUnited States. The variables examined included state personal income, political culture, legislative professionalism, size of state’schapter of The Arc, state spending per capita on the Home and Co mmunity Based Services (HCBS) Waiver, and utilization of nursin ghomes for the elderly. Results indicate the signiﬁcance of the political culture and HCBS Waiver variables. Keywords: deinstitutionalization, state institutions, public institutions, nursing hornes, political culture, HCBS Waiver INTRODUCTIONSince the 1970s, most states have aggressively reduced theirreliance on institutional settings for persons with intellectual dis-abilities (ID) in favor of smaller, community-based options.Although the advantages of community integration for personswith ID from both functional and theoretical perspectives havebeen frequently noted in the literature, most states in the UnitedStates continue to utilize state institutions for persons with ID.The federal government does not dictate to states which settingsthey must provide to persons with ID; states have great latitudein deciding whether to utilize institutional or community services(Braddock & Fujiura, 1987). In 2002, 44,252 persons with IDwere receiving residential support in state institutions (Rizzolo,Hemp, Braddock, & Pomeranz-Essley, 2004). Alaska, the Districtof Columbia, Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, RhodeIsland, Vermont, and West Virginia no longer operate state insti-tutions for persons with ID.METHOD AND STUDY DESIGNThis study tested a political socio-economic model of state-operated institution utilization for persons with ID in the UnitedStates. A series of hierarchical regressions were conducted withthe following variables: state personal income, political culture,legislative professionalism, size of the state’s chapter of The Arc(a national grassroots advocacy and service organization withover 140,000 members across the nation), state spending percapita on the Home and Community Based Services (HCBS)Waiver, and utilization of nursing homes for the elderly. This brieffocuses on the use of state institutions for persons with ID in2000. Information on the number of persons with ID in stateinstitutions was obtained from the State of the States in Develop-mental Disabilities Project at the University of Colorado. TheState of the States project maintains a 26-year longitudinal recordof revenue, spending, and programmatic trends in ID services inthe 50 American states, the District of Columbia, and the UnitedStates as a whole.State wealth was deﬁned as state personal income per capita.Personal income includes the income of citizens from all sourcesand is an indicator of a state’s economic capacity to fund pro-grams and services. Political culture is deﬁned as the attitudes,values, beliefs, and orientations that individuals in a society holdregarding their political system (Riley, 2004). States can be tradi-tionalistic, individualistic, or moralistic.

Brief Research Report Determinants of State Utilization of Public Institutions for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in the United States

“You Had This Clean Window, But It was Glued Shut”: Identifying the Needs of Parents and Providers of Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Rural Areas Through a Life Course Perspective

The overall goal of the 2007 State of the Science Symposium on Aging with Developmental Disabilities: Charting Lifespan Trajectories and Supportive Environments for Healthy Community Living (held in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.) was to increase the understanding and definition of how to improve the health, psychosocial well-being, and community participation of older adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The symposium consisted of four main tracks (neurodevelopmental conditions; health care services, health promotion needs, and health literacy; family support and intergenerational caregiving; and environmental barriers and supports to community living). The symposium's participants recommended a greater focus on a research agenda that would serve to increase the knowledge on the lifespan trajectory for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and on identifying methods for developing and assessing effectiveness of practices and policies for individuals with developmental disabilities, their families, and their service providers.

State of the Science Symposium on Aging and Developmental Disabilities 1

Tested was a political socio-economic model of state institution utilization for persons with intellectual disabilities in the United States. The variables examined included state personal income, political culture, legislative professionalism, size of state's chapter of The Arc, state spending per capita on the Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waiver, and utilization of nursing homes for the elderly. Results indicate the significance of the political culture and HCBS Waiver variables.

Tamar Heller

Papers

Brief Research Report Determinants of State Utilization of Public Institutions for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in the United States

“You Had This Clean Window, But It was Glued Shut”: Identifying the Needs of Parents and Providers of Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Rural Areas Through a Life Course Perspective

State of the Science Symposium on Aging and Developmental Disabilities 1

Determinants of State Utilization of Public Institutions for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in the United States