This chapter provides an overview of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is a systematic procedure for representing the elements of any problem hierarchically. It organizes the basic rationality by breaking down a problem into its smaller constituent parts and then guides decision makers through a series of pair-wise comparison judgments to express the relative strength or intensity of impact of the elements in the hierarchy. These judgments are then translated to numbers. The AHP includes procedures and principles used to synthesize the many judgments to derive priorities among criteria and subsequently for alternative solutions. It is useful to note that the numbers thus obtained are ratio scale estimates and correspond to so-called hard numbers. Problem solving is a process of setting priorities in steps. One step decides on the most important elements of a problem, another on how best to repair, replace, test, and evaluate the elements, and another on how to implement the solution and measure performance.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process

A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures

Fuzzy Set Theory - And Its Applications, Third Edition is a textbook for courses in fuzzy set theory. It can also be used as an introduction to the subject. The character of a textbook is balanced with the dynamic nature of the research in the field by including many useful references to develop a deeper understanding among interested readers. The book updates the research agenda (which has witnessed profound and startling advances since its inception some 30 years ago) with chapters on possibility theory, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, expert systems, fuzzy control, fuzzy data analysis, decision making and fuzzy set models in operations research. All chapters have been updated. Exercises are included.

https://www.springer.com/productFlyer_978-0-7923-7435-0.pdf?SGWID=0-0-1297-33300503-0

Fuzzy Set Theory - and Its Applications

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process

System and economic analysis for off-peak air conditioning

In the Summer of 1992 the Supreme Court of the United States was supposed to rule on a controversial Pennsylvania statute [13] restricting the rights of women in obtaining an abortion. Included in this statute are provisions requiring that doctors provide women with state-prescribed information about pregnancy and abortion, that the procedure be delayed 24 hours after the recitation and that husbands be notified prior to the procedure. The lower court upheld the first two provisions but declared unconstitutional the husband notification requirement.

Abortion and the States: How will the Supreme Court Rule on the Upcoming Pennsylvania Abortion Issue?

The brain generally miniaturizes its perceptions into what may be regarded as a model of what happens outside. We experience the world according to the capacity of our nervous system to register the stimuli we receive. In order to understand and control the environment there needs to be proportionality between the measurements represented in the miniaturized model that arise from the firings of our neurons, and the actual measurements in the real world. Thus our response to stimuli must satisfy the fundamental functional equation F(ax) = bF(x). In other words, our interpretation of a stimulus as registered by the firing of our neurons is proportional to what it would be if it were not filtered through the brain. This equation is the homogeneous part of the inhomogeneous equation F(ax) − bF(x) = G(x) with the forcing function G(x). What interests us here is the mode of operation of the (firing) system that needs to always satisfy the homogeneous part.

Ratio Scales are Critical for Modeling Neural Synthesis in the Brain

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-015-7952-0_1.pdf

Knowing the Future

The second kind of conflict is called retributive, with one or both parties harboring ill will toward each other (Saaty, ORiON 4:3–25, 1988). The idea is particularly relevant in long-drawn-out conflicts, which in the end fester and create almost ineradicable resentments. Here a party may be willing to give up much of its demands, if misfortune can be brought to its opponent through some means, including justice as dispensed by the court system. Should the enemy die, they may forgive and forget, or sometimes they may be resentful because they have not extracted their pound of flesh.

Thomas L. Saaty

Papers

System and economic analysis for off-peak air conditioning

Abortion and the States: How will the Supreme Court Rule on the Upcoming Pennsylvania Abortion Issue?

Ratio Scales are Critical for Modeling Neural Synthesis in the Brain

Knowing the Future

Retributive Conflicts and the AHP: The Trading Mechanism