Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles.

The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory

Over the past 20 years, neuroimaging has become a predominant technique in systems neuroscience. One might envisage that over the next 20 years the neuroimaging of distributed processing and connectivity will play a major role in disclosing the brain's functional architecture and operational principles. The inception of this journal has been foreshadowed by an ever-increasing number of publications on functional connectivity, causal modeling, connectomics, and multivariate analyses of distributed patterns of brain responses. I accepted the invitation to write this review with great pleasure and hope to celebrate and critique the achievements to date, while addressing the challenges ahead.

/pdf/functional-and-effective-connectivity-a-review-s5oik3vige.pdf

Functional and effective connectivity: a review.

NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain

https://wiki.biac.duke.edu/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=biac:jones_etal_2012_the_do_s_and_don_ts_of_diffusion_mri.pdf

White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: The do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI

We propose an integral concept for tractography to describe crossing and splitting fibre bundles based on the fibre orientation distribution function (ODF) estimated from high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). We show that in order to perform accurate probabilistic tractography, one needs to use a fibre ODF estimation and not the diffusion ODF. We use a new fibre ODF estimation obtained from a sharpening deconvolution transform (SDT) of the diffusion ODF reconstructed from q-ball imaging (QBI). This SDT provides new insight into the relationship between the HARDI signal, the diffusion ODF, and the fibre ODF. We demonstrate that the SDT agrees with classical spherical deconvolution and improves the angular resolution of QBI. Another important contribution of this paper is the development of new deterministic and new probabilistic tractography algorithms using the full multidirectional information obtained through use of the fibre ODF. An extensive comparison study is performed on human brain datasets comparing our new deterministic and probabilistic tracking algorithms in complex fibre crossing regions. Finally, as an application of our new probabilistic tracking, we quantify the reconstruction of transcallosal fibres intersecting with the corona radiata and the superior longitudinal fasciculus in a group of eight subjects. Most current diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based methods neglect these fibres, which might lead to incorrect interpretations of brain functions.

/pdf/deterministic-and-probabilistic-tractography-based-on-2qapg3sv3g.pdf

Deterministic and Probabilistic Tractography Based on Complex Fibre Orientation Distributions

It is generally agreed that the cerebral cortex can be segregated into structurally and functionally distinct areas. Anatomical subdivision of Broca’s area has been achieved using different microanatomical criteria, such as cytoarchitecture and distribution of neuroreceptors. However, brain function also strongly depends upon anatomical connectivity, which therefore forms a sensible criterion for the functio-anatomical segregation of cortical areas. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers the opportunity to apply this criterion in the individual living subject. Probabilistic tractographic methods provide excellent means to extract the connectivity signatures from diffusion-weighting MR data sets. The correlations among these signatures may then be used by an automatic clustering method to identify cortical regions with mutually distinct and internally coherent connectivity. We made use of this principle to parcellate Broca’s area. As it turned out, 3 subregions are discernible that were identified as putative Brodmann area (BA) 44, BA45, and the deep frontal operculum. These results are discussed in the light of previous evidence from other methods in both human and nonhuman primates. We conclude that plausible results can be achieved by the proposed technique, which cannot be obtained by any other method in vivo. For the first time, there is a possibility to investigate the anatomical subdivision of Broca’s area noninvasively in the individual living human subject.

/pdf/connectivity-based-parcellation-of-broca-s-area-zuuqd3g333.pdf

Connectivity-Based Parcellation of Broca's Area

Pianists often report that pure listening to a well-trained piece of music can involuntarily trigger the respective finger movements We designed a magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment to compare the motor activation in pianists and nonpianists while listening to piano pieces For pianists, we found a statistically significant increase of activity above the region of the contralateral motor cortex Brain surface current density (BSCD) reconstructions revealed a spatial dissociation of this activity between notes preferably played by the thumb and the little finger according to the motor homunculus Hence, we could demonstrate that pianists, when listening to well-trained piano music, exhibit involuntary motor activity involving the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1)

/pdf/involuntary-motor-activity-in-pianists-evoked-by-music-jhfbtrogdz.pdf

Involuntary Motor Activity in Pianists Evoked by Music Perception

https://www.sci.utah.edu/~wolters/PaperWolters/2014/VorwerkChoRamppHamerKnoescheWolters_NeuroImage_2014_Webversion.pdf

Thomas R. Knösche

Papers

White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: The do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI

Deterministic and Probabilistic Tractography Based on Complex Fibre Orientation Distributions

Connectivity-Based Parcellation of Broca's Area

Involuntary Motor Activity in Pianists Evoked by Music Perception

A guideline for head volume conductor modeling in EEG and MEG.