Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change

The widely disseminated clinical method of motivational interviewing (MI) arose through a convergence of science and practice. Beyond a large base of clinical trials, advances have been made toward "looking under the hood" of MI to understand the underlying mechanisms by which it affects behavior change. Such specification of outcome-relevant aspects of practice is vital to theory development and can inform both treatment delivery and clinical training. An emergent theory of MI is proposed that emphasizes two specific active components: a relational component focused on empathy and the interpersonal spirit of MI, and a technical component involving the differential evocation and reinforcement of client change talk. A resulting causal chain model links therapist training, therapist and client responses during treatment sessions, and posttreatment outcomes.

http://www.miinstitute.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Miller%20Rose%20Theory%20of%20MI.pdf

Toward a Theory of Motivational Interviewing

Behavior change is a critical part of effective health care. The final decision to become healthier, however, is that of the patient and not the practitioner. Anyone who has treated patients knows ...

Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients Change Behavior

The Evaluating Methods for Motivational Enhancement Education trial evaluated methods for learning motivational interviewing (MI). Licensed substance abuse professionals (N = 140) were randomized to 5 training conditions: (a) clinical workshop only; (b) workshop plus practice feedback; (c) workshop plus individual coaching sessions; (d) workshop, feedback, and coaching; or (e) a waiting list control group of self-guided training. Audiotaped practice samples were analyzed at baseline, posttraining, and 4, 8, and 12 months later. Relative to controls, the 4 trained groups showed larger gains in proficiency. Coaching and/or feedback also increased posttraining proficiency. After delayed training, the waiting list group showed modest gains in proficiency. Posttraining proficiency was generally well maintained throughout follow-up. Clinician self-reports of MI skillfulness were unrelated to proficiency levels in observed practice.

https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/ccp/72/6/1050.pdf

A randomized trial of methods to help clinicians learn motivational interviewing.

Observing Interaction: An Introduction to Sequential Analysis, Roger Bakeman, John M. Gottman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986), ixv, +221. Price £25.00 hardback, £7.95 paperback

Recent theories of dynamic attention have renewed the interest in temporal context as a determinant of attention. The mechanism of dynamic attention remains unclear, and both stochastic time perception processes and deterministic oscillators are possible. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that attention can be guided by isochronous series of warning stimuli and that elapsed time cannot fully account for this effect. Experiment 2 indicates that temporal structure can be used over a limited range of time. The results of Experiment 3 indicate that temporal pattern, rather than variability, is a determinant of temporally focused attention. The results of Experiment 4 demonstrate that a coupled oscillator is a better predictor of reaction time than a stochastic timing mechanism is, under certain assumptions.

/pdf/chronometric-evidence-for-entrained-attention-z9azyl0ptq.pdf

Chronometric evidence for entrained attention.

Phase shift detection in thalamocortical oscillations using magnetoencephalography in humans

Role of inter-hemispheric transfer in generating visual evoked potentials in V1-damaged brain hemispheres

Aging effects on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for motion direction discrimination.

Hintergrund
Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung des Einflusses des Wellenfrontfehlers (WFF) auf die subjektive optische Qualitat (SOQ) nach LASIK.

Tim Martin

Papers

Chronometric evidence for entrained attention.

Phase shift detection in thalamocortical oscillations using magnetoencephalography in humans

Role of inter-hemispheric transfer in generating visual evoked potentials in V1-damaged brain hemispheres

Aging effects on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for motion direction discrimination.

Wellenfrontaberrationen und subjektive optische Qualität nach wellenfrontgeführter LASIK