다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

KamLAND has measured the flux of nu;(e)'s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer nu;(e) events than expected from standard assumptions about nu;(e) propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton.yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse beta-decay events to the expected number without nu;(e) disappearance is 0.611+/-0.085(stat)+/-0.041(syst) for nu;(e) energies >3.4 MeV. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except for the "large mixing angle" region are excluded.

First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance

Adopted values for the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability, B(E2)↑, from the ground state to the first-excited 2+ state of even–even nuclides are given in Table I. Values of τ, the mean life of the 2+ state; E, the energy; and β, the quadrupole deformation parameter, are also listed there. The ratio of β to the value expected from the single-particle model is presented. The intrinsic quadrupole moment, Q0, is deduced from the B(E2)↑ value. The product E×B(E2)↑ is expressed as a percentage of the energy-weighted total and isoscalar E2 sum-rule strengths.

Table II presents the data on which Table I is based, namely the experimental results for B(E2)↑ values with quoted uncertainties. Information is also given on the quantity measured and the method used. The literature has been covered to November 2000.

The adopted B(E2)↑ values are compared in Table III with the values given by systematics and by various theoretical models. Predictions of unmeasured B(E2)↑ values are also given in Table III.

Transition probability from the ground to the first-excited 2^+ state of even-even nuclides

Progress in particle and nuclear physics

Shape coexistence in nuclei appears to be unique in the realm of finite many-body quantum systems It differs from the various geometrical arrangements that sometimes occur in a molecule in that in a molecule the various arrangements are of the widely separated atomic nuclei In nuclei the various ''arrangements'' of nucleons involve (sets of) energy eigenstates with different electric quadrupole properties such as moments and transition rates, and different distributions of proton pairs and neutron pairs with respect to their Fermi energies Sometimes two such structures will ''invert'' as a function of the nucleon number, resulting in a sudden and dramatic change in ground-state properties in neighboring isotopes and isotones In the first part of this review the theoretical status of coexistence in nuclei is summarized Two approaches, namely, microscopic shell-model descriptions and mean-field descriptions, are emphasized The second part of this review presents systematic data, for both even- and odd-mass nuclei, selected to illustrate the various ways in which coexistence is observed in nuclei The last part of this review looks to future developments and the issue of the universality of coexistence in nuclei Surprises continue to be discovered With the major advances in reaching to extremes of proton-neutronmore » number, and the anticipated new ''rare isotope beam'' facilities, guidelines for search and discovery are discussed« less

Shape coexistence in atomic nuclei

We present an extensive study of nuclear matrix elements (NME) for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of the nuclei $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$, $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$, $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$, $^{116}\mathrm{Cd}$, $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{128}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{130}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$, and $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$ based on state-of-the-art energy density functional methods using the Gogny D1S functional. Beyond-mean-field effects are included within the generating coordinate method with particle number and angular momentum projection for both initial and final ground states. We obtain a rather constant value for the NMEs around 4.7 with the exception of $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$, where smaller values are found. We analyze the role of deformation and pairing in the evaluation of the NME and present detailed results for the decay of $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$.

Energy density functional study of nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless ββ decay.

In this letter we study the tip motion of a rectangular microcantilever in the proximity of a surface. The microcantilever has a hemispherical tip attached at its free end. The theoretical simulations led us to propose a method for mapping simultaneously the topography and the chemical composition of a sample surface in noncontact AM‐AFM. The method consists of exciting the first two modes of the microcantilever. The output signal of the first mode is used to image the topography of the sample while the second mode is used to map changes in the composition of the atoms or molecules under the tip. The simulations were performed by modeling the three dimensional microcantilever as a rectangular beam and applying the Newton equation. 25 Then the dynamic deflection function w(x,t) is described by

/pdf/compositional-mapping-of-surfaces-in-atomic-force-microscopy-rltgxc7nva.pdf

Compositional mapping of surfaces in atomic force microscopy by excitation of the second normal mode of the microcantilever

We discuss the influence of high-order frequency components in the operation of an amplitude modulation atomic-force microscope (AFM) A comparative study of point-mass and continuous models is performed to describe the tip motion The tip–surface interaction force excites high-order frequency components whenever a higher harmonic of the excitation force is close to an eigenmode of the cantilever beam The strength of those components depends on the set point amplitude and the fundamental resonance frequency of the cantilever However, for standard operating conditions with quality factors in the 102–103 range, higher-order components are about three orders of magnitude smaller than the component at the excitation frequency We conclude that point-mass models are suitable to describe the operation of a tapping-mode AFM in air environments

/pdf/tip-motion-in-amplitude-modulation-tapping-mode-atomic-force-3ic3yonk1j.pdf

Tip motion in amplitude modulation (tapping-mode) atomic-force microscopy: Comparison between continuous and point-mass models

Nuclear matrix elements (NME) for the most promising candidates to detect neutrinoless double beta decay have been computed with energy density functional methods including deformation and pairing fluctuations explicitly on the same footing. The method preserves particle number and angular momentum symmetries and can be applied to any decay without additional fine tunings. The finite range density dependent Gogny force is used in the calculations. An increase of 10%--40% in the NME with respect to the ones found without the inclusion of pairing fluctuations is obtained, reducing the predicted half-lives of these isotopes.

Shape and pairing fluctuation effects on neutrinoless double beta decay nuclear matrix elements.

We discuss the performance of an atomic force microscope (AFM) operated in the amplitude modulation mode under a self-excitation signal, known as quality factor control (Q control) By using the point-mass description of the AFM, we provide a complete description of Q control in tapping mode AFM The theoretical simulations show three major results: (i) the steady-state motion of the system contains contributions from homogeneous and particular components, (ii) the active response of the microcantilever can be increased or decreased depending on the phase shift of the self-excitation with respect to the instantaneous deflexion, and (iii) in general, Q enhancement reduces the maximum force exerted for the tip on the sample surface

/pdf/theory-of-q-control-in-atomic-force-microscopy-4583khxkgb.pdf

Tomás R. Rodríguez

Papers

Energy density functional study of nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless ββ decay.

Compositional mapping of surfaces in atomic force microscopy by excitation of the second normal mode of the microcantilever

Tip motion in amplitude modulation (tapping-mode) atomic-force microscopy: Comparison between continuous and point-mass models

Shape and pairing fluctuation effects on neutrinoless double beta decay nuclear matrix elements.

Theory of Q control in atomic force microscopy