Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

中枢神経系疾患の治療は正常細胞（ニューロン）の機能維持を目的とするが，脳血管障害のように機能障害の原因が細胞の死滅に基づくことは多い．一方，脳腫瘍の治療においては薬物療法や放射線療法といった腫瘍細胞の死滅を目標とするものが大きな位置を占める．いずれの場合にも，細胞死の機序を理解することは各種病態や治療法の理解のうえで重要である．現在のところ最も研究の進んでいる細胞死の型はアポトーシスである．そのなかで重要な位置を占めるミトコンドリアにおける反応および抗アポトーシス因子について概要を紹介する．

Neuroscience 細胞死：最近の知見

Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that bring about the resolution of acute inflammation have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators that include the lipoxin, resolvin, protectin and maresin families, collectively called specialized pro-resolving mediators. Synthetic versions of these mediators have potent bioactions when administered in vivo. In animal experiments, the mediators evoke anti-inflammatory and novel pro-resolving mechanisms, and enhance microbial clearance. Although they have been identified in inflammation resolution, specialized pro-resolving mediators are conserved structures that also function in host defence, pain, organ protection and tissue remodelling. This Review covers the mechanisms of specialized pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 essential fatty acid pathways that could help us to understand their physiological functions.

/pdf/pro-resolving-lipid-mediators-are-leads-for-resolution-48rwdr15bn.pdf

Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology

Recent developments of phosphate glasses for a variety of technological applications, from rare-earth ion hosts for solid state lasers to low temperature sealing glasses, have led to renewed interest in understanding the structures of these unusual materials. In this review, spectroscopic and diffraction studies of simple phosphate glasses, including v-P2O5 and binary phosphate compositions, are described. Special attention is given to the structures of anhydrous ultraphosphate glasses, which have received close attention from the glass community only in the past six years.

Review: the structure of simple phosphate glasses

Über die Adsorption in Lösungen

Single crystal TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared using modified hydrothermal method by treatment of prepared TiO 2 with NaOH aqueous solution and characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, BET surface area analysis, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and UV–vis/DR spectroscopy. Detailed study for the effect of calcinations temperature on the morphology, textural properties, adsorption amount and photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanotubes was performed. The results showed that the calcinations temperature remarkably altered the phase composition. HRTEM showed that the high-purity nanotubes can be produced through the hydrothermal treatment of TiO 2 , calcinated at 250 ?C.  It was found that the obtained high-purity TNTs have outer diameter of the tubular structures around 15 nm and the length is around 70 nm, the wall of nanotube is 2 layers in one side whereas it is 3 layers in another side and the interlayer spacing is about 1–1.5 nm. The prepared TiO 2 nanotubes show enhanced catalytic activity in photocatalytic phenol degradation compared with TiO2 nanoparticles which show lower catalytic activities. Keywords: Titanate, Single Crystal, hydrothermal method

/pdf/synthesis-and-photocatalytic-activity-of-single-crystal-22t5n9bvka.pdf

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Single Crystal Titanate: Part-1

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug with approval for treatment of neuropathic pain. The exact mechanism of action of lamotrigine is still unclear. The current study aimed to screen for the involvement of opioid, serotonin type 3 and cannabinoid type 1 receptors in the antinociceptive effect of lamotrigine using hot-plate and formalin tests. Male albino mice were treated orally with the vehicle or lamotrigine (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) prior to testing. Further, mice were pretreated with an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), the serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or the cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) before administration of lamotrigine (100 mg/kg). The antinociceptive effect of lamotrigine alone or with specific receptor antagonists was tested in the hot-plate and formalin tests. The results of the current experiment indicated that pretreatment with naloxone, ondansetron or rimonabant did not significantly decrease the antinociceptive effect of lamotrigine in both tests. In conclusion, opioid, serotonin type 3 and cannabinoid type 1 receptors are not involved in the antinociceptive effect of lamotrigine in hot-plate and formalin tests.

Lack of Effect of Lamotrigine on Opioid, Serotonin Type 3 and Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors in Two Mice Models of Pain -

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication that is associated with diabetic patients. It affects almost half of diabetic patients worldwide. Peripheral DN is associated with neurodegeneration as evidenced by the degenerative loss of fibres in the peripheral nerves with concomitant decrease of nerve conduction Multiple mechanisms were proposed to have role in the pathophysiology of DN including oxidative stress, inflammation and recently autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular process that is present from yeast to mammals for the sake of recycle damaged organelles and protein in autophagosomes. Persistent hyperglycaemia causes an imbalance in the cellular autophagic pathways. Autophagy plays an important role in reserving the cellular homeostasis via its ability to recycle the damaged proteins and organelles. The link between the activation of autophagic flux with the control of the toxic effect of hyperglycaemia on the neuronal cells will be discussed in this review. The present review hypothesizes that upregulation of the autophagic pathways in neuronal cells may aid them to ameliorate the bioenergetic crisis and cellular damage concomitant with DN.

The emerging role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy

/pdf/mechanisms-of-valproic-acid-induced-autism-canonical-wnt-b-vctnc4er.pdf

Mechanisms of Valproic acid-Induced Autism: Canonical Wnt-β- Catenin Pathway

Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorders has been depended on benzodiazepines for many decades. However, the use of these compounds is restricted because of their adverse effects. Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant indicated as adjunctive therapy for treating adults’ partial seizures. It has shown some efficacy in randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials aimed to treat generalized anxiety disorder. Mechanism of pharmacologic activity of Pregabalin was extensively studied and it was proven to acquire high-affinity binding to α2δ. The current study employed the dark/light box and the elevated plus maze. Male albino mice were allocated into groups: group i: mice received distilled water (16 ml/kg, p.o.), group ii: mice received diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.), group iii-iv: mice received a dose of Pregabalin (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.), group v: mice treated with rimonabant (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before a dose of Pregabalin (50 mg/kg), group vi: mice received rimonabant (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before a dose of distilled water (16 ml/kg, p.o.). Results indicated that Pregabalin (50 mg/kg) showed anxiolytic effect in the two paradigms, the dark/light transition box and the mouse elevated plus maze. Pretreatment with rimonabant diminished most of the anxiolytic effect of Pregabalin (50 mg/kg) as indicated by shorter time spent in white are in the dark/light box and shorter open arm time (%) compared to mice received Pregabalin.

https://rpbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_5918_b3317c615143f571d5f7c4c530e730e2.pdf

Yasser M. Moustafa

Papers

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Single Crystal Titanate: Part-1

Lack of Effect of Lamotrigine on Opioid, Serotonin Type 3 and Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors in Two Mice Models of Pain -

The emerging role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy

Mechanisms of Valproic acid-Induced Autism: Canonical Wnt-β- Catenin Pathway

Anxiolytic-like effect of Pregabalin in mice tested in the dark/light box and the elevated plus maze test: effect on cannabinoid CB1 receptors