Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

中枢神経系疾患の治療は正常細胞（ニューロン）の機能維持を目的とするが，脳血管障害のように機能障害の原因が細胞の死滅に基づくことは多い．一方，脳腫瘍の治療においては薬物療法や放射線療法といった腫瘍細胞の死滅を目標とするものが大きな位置を占める．いずれの場合にも，細胞死の機序を理解することは各種病態や治療法の理解のうえで重要である．現在のところ最も研究の進んでいる細胞死の型はアポトーシスである．そのなかで重要な位置を占めるミトコンドリアにおける反応および抗アポトーシス因子について概要を紹介する．

Neuroscience 細胞死：最近の知見

Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that bring about the resolution of acute inflammation have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators that include the lipoxin, resolvin, protectin and maresin families, collectively called specialized pro-resolving mediators. Synthetic versions of these mediators have potent bioactions when administered in vivo. In animal experiments, the mediators evoke anti-inflammatory and novel pro-resolving mechanisms, and enhance microbial clearance. Although they have been identified in inflammation resolution, specialized pro-resolving mediators are conserved structures that also function in host defence, pain, organ protection and tissue remodelling. This Review covers the mechanisms of specialized pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 essential fatty acid pathways that could help us to understand their physiological functions.

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Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology

Recent developments of phosphate glasses for a variety of technological applications, from rare-earth ion hosts for solid state lasers to low temperature sealing glasses, have led to renewed interest in understanding the structures of these unusual materials. In this review, spectroscopic and diffraction studies of simple phosphate glasses, including v-P2O5 and binary phosphate compositions, are described. Special attention is given to the structures of anhydrous ultraphosphate glasses, which have received close attention from the glass community only in the past six years.

Review: the structure of simple phosphate glasses

Über die Adsorption in Lösungen

11 B NMR and IR spectral measurements have been carried out for xFe 2 O 3 .(50-x)PbO.50B 2 O 3 glasses (2.5≤x≤15 mol%). The fraction, N 4 , of the four coordinated boron ions decreases with increasing x denoting the increase of nonbridging oxygen ions in the borate network. The infrared spectra have been deconvoluted, N 4 values could be calculated from the normalised area of the component bands

Utilization of the infrared spectroscopy to determine the fraction of the four coordinated borons in the borate glasses

Density of mixed alkali borate glasses has been correlated with the glass structure. It is assumed that in such glasses each alkali oxide associates with a proportional quantity of B 2 O 3 . The number of BO 3 and BO 4 units related to each type of alkali oxide depends on the total concentration of alkali oxide. It is concluded that in mixed alkali borate glasses the volumes of structural units related to an alkali ion are the same as in the corresponding binary alkali borate glass. This reveals that each type of alkali oxide forms its own borate matrix and behaves as if not affected with the presence of the other alkali oxide. Similar conclusions are valid for borate glasses with three types of alkali oxide.

?Density of mixed alkali borate glasses; a structural analysis

The optical transmission spectra in a wide range of wavenumbers: infrared (IR), visible and ultra-violet (UV) regions have been measured for lithium borate glasses of compositions xCuO:(3 − x)V2O5:37Li2O:60B2O3 mol% (where x = 0.0–0.5). From the IR analysis, it was found that the different borate structural groups in these glasses are not affected by substitution of V2O5 by small quantities of CuO. The UV visible results are analyzed with the aim of determining the optical energy gap, Eopt, and the width of the localized states in the band gap. The values for Eopt are found to decrease as CuO content increases. Substitution of V2O5 by CuO creates additional localized states, due to Cu+2, overlapping with that due to the matrix and extended to the mobility gap.

Yasser M. Moustafa

Papers

Utilization of the infrared spectroscopy to determine the fraction of the four coordinated borons in the borate glasses

?Density of mixed alkali borate glasses; a structural analysis

Structural properties of V2O5Li2OB2O3 glasses doped with copper oxide

Polythiophene modified chitosan/magnetite nanocomposites for heavy metals and selective mercury removal

Corrosion inhibition efficiency of some hydrophobically modified chitosan surfactants in relation to their surface active properties