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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts

Because of the high catalytic activities and substrate specificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsic shortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties of recycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity in 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emerging in the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic catalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages such as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of the possible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel and high-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities of nanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematically introduce the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes as well as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and the development of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.

Nanozymes: Classification, Catalytic Mechanisms, Activity Regulation, and Applications

PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications

The present paper review the drug-DNA interactions, their types and applications of experimental techniques used to study interactions between DNA and small ligand molecules that are potentially of pharmaceutical interest. DNA has been known to be the cellular target for many cytotoxic anticancer agents for several decades. Understanding how drug molecules interact with DNA has become an active research area at the interface between chemistry, molecular biology and medicine. In this review article, we attempt to bring together topics that cover the breadth of this large area of research. The interaction of drugs with DNA is a significant feature in pharmacology and plays a vital role in the determination of the mechanisms of drug action and designing of more efficient and specifically targeted drugs with lesser side effects. Several instrumental techniques are used to study such interactions. In the present review, we will discuss UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of spectroscopic techniques are reviewed and we have discussed the type of information (qualitative or quantitative) that can be obtained from the use of each technique. Not only have novel techniques been applied to study drug-DNA interactions but such interactions may also be the basis for the development of new assays. The interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases.

Drug-DNA interactions and their study by UV-Visible, fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltametry.

Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Profiling of Complex Chemical Mixtures with the Aid of Chemometrics

Graphene quantum dots and the resonance light scattering technique for trace analysis of phenol in different water samples.

In recent years, great efforts have focused on the exploration and fabrication of protein nanoconjugates due to potential applications in many fields including bioanalytical science, biosensors, biocatalysis, biofuel cells and bio-based nanodevices. An important aspect of our understanding of protein nanoconjugates is to quantitatively understand how proteins interact with nanomaterials. In this report, human serum albumin (HSA) and citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are selected as a case study of protein–nanomaterial interactions. UV-visible spectroscopy together with multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm is first exploited for the detailed study of AgNPs–HSA interactions. Introduction of the chemometrics tool allows extracting the kinetic profiles, spectra and distribution diagrams of two major absorbing pure species (AgNPs and AgNPs–HSA conjugate). These resolved profiles are then analysed to give the thermodynamic, kinetic and structural information of HSA binding to AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to further characterize the complex system. Moreover, a sensitive spectroscopic biosensor for HSA is fabricated with the MCR-ALS resolved concentration of absorbing pure species. It is found that the linear range for the HSA nanosensor was from 1.9 nM to 45.0 nM with a detection limit of 0.9 nM. It is believed that the proposed method will play an important role in the fabrication and optimization of a robust nanobiosensor or cross-reactive sensors array for the detection and identification of biocomponents.

New insight into protein–nanomaterial interactions with UV-visible spectroscopy and chemometrics: human serum albumin and silver nanoparticles

Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on nano-composite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube

Bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was obtained by pyrolysis of urea at 600 °C. The material was then subjected to protonation and exfoliation to obtain strongly fluorescent g-C3N4 nanosheets. These nanosheets are representing a two-dimensional layered material that emits strong blue fluorescence peaking at 434 nm, and their quantum yield of up to 10.3 % is much higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 (6.0 %). It was found that Cu(II) ions quench the fluorescence of the nanosheets due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET), probably the result of the stronger binding affinity between Cu(II) and the nitrogen and oxygen functional groups of the nanosheets. The probe responds to Cu(II) in the 0.01 to 0.4 nM concentration range, with a 8 pM detection limit. The method was applied to the determination of Cu(II) in spiked water samples.

Preparation of protonated, two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets by exfoliation, and their application as a fluorescent probe for trace analysis of copper(II)

Yongnian Ni

Papers

Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Profiling of Complex Chemical Mixtures with the Aid of Chemometrics

Graphene quantum dots and the resonance light scattering technique for trace analysis of phenol in different water samples.

New insight into protein–nanomaterial interactions with UV-visible spectroscopy and chemometrics: human serum albumin and silver nanoparticles

Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on nano-composite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube

Preparation of protonated, two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets by exfoliation, and their application as a fluorescent probe for trace analysis of copper(II)