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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts

Because of the high catalytic activities and substrate specificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsic shortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties of recycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity in 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emerging in the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic catalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages such as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of the possible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel and high-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities of nanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematically introduce the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes as well as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and the development of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.

Nanozymes: Classification, Catalytic Mechanisms, Activity Regulation, and Applications

PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications

The present paper review the drug-DNA interactions, their types and applications of experimental techniques used to study interactions between DNA and small ligand molecules that are potentially of pharmaceutical interest. DNA has been known to be the cellular target for many cytotoxic anticancer agents for several decades. Understanding how drug molecules interact with DNA has become an active research area at the interface between chemistry, molecular biology and medicine. In this review article, we attempt to bring together topics that cover the breadth of this large area of research. The interaction of drugs with DNA is a significant feature in pharmacology and plays a vital role in the determination of the mechanisms of drug action and designing of more efficient and specifically targeted drugs with lesser side effects. Several instrumental techniques are used to study such interactions. In the present review, we will discuss UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of spectroscopic techniques are reviewed and we have discussed the type of information (qualitative or quantitative) that can be obtained from the use of each technique. Not only have novel techniques been applied to study drug-DNA interactions but such interactions may also be the basis for the development of new assays. The interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases.

Drug-DNA interactions and their study by UV-Visible, fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltametry.

Nanostructured Co3O4 with near-cubic morphology was synthesised using the solvothermal method, and a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor (Co3O4–CuNPs/Pt) was successfully constructed by dropping and potentiostatic depositing technologies. The obtained Co3O4 and Co3O4–CuNPs were characterised and investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of glucose was performed using the amperometric (i–t) method, and a plot of current difference versus concentration of glucose was linear in the range 0.5–336 μM, with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9989 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.43 μM. When the linear range was reduced to 0.5–76.5 μM, R2 and LOD were 0.9997 and 0.17 μM, respectively. The sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated as 3.58 × 104 and 4.03 × 104 μA μM−1 cm−2 for the above two linear ranges, respectively. This novel sensor produced satisfactory reproducibility and stability and was applied to monitor trace amounts of glucose in human serum samples.

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Nano-composite of Co3O4 and Cu with enhanced stability and catalytic performance for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors

Terbutaline sulfate (TBS) is a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, overdoses of which can cause serious harm and even be life-threatening to humans. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and facile method for the preparation of a molybdenum disulfide–gold nanoparticle composite (MoS2/AuNPs). The obtained MoS2 and MoS2/AuNPs were characterized and investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. An MoS2/AuNPs-modified glassy carbon electrode (MoS2/AuNPs/GCE) was constructed using the dropping method and used to study the electrochemical behavior of TBS. The results indicated that the sensor had excellent electrocatalytic activity for TBS, with detection sensitivity for TBS more than 100 times higher compared with the bare GCE. With the successive addition of TBS, the peak current of the differential pulse stripping voltammogram (DPSV) of TBS was proportional to its concentration within a certain range, with a linear range of 1–85 nmol L−1 and limit of detection (LOD) of up to 0.47 nmol L−1. Furthermore, the modified electrode showed good stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference ability, meaning that it could be used to detect TBS in real samples.

Sensitive and fast analysis of terbutaline sulfate in food using a modified electrode based on a MoS2/AuNPs nanocomposite

Three structurally similar catecholamines, adrenaline (AA), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA), which are neurotransmitters well known for their treatment of neural disorders and many other diseases, were investigated at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the use of differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The aim was to develop a simple, rapid and cost effective method of simultaneous analysis of these three substances in typical samples such as human urine. Each analyte showed typical reversible redox behaviour with the use of cyclic voltammetry in aqueous medium in the pH range of 4.0–7.9, and composite voltammograms of the three analytes were found to consist of three significantly overlapping peaks corresponding to the three individual substances. Thus, two- and three-way multi-variate data analysis methods were investigated. These included unfolding methods such as—partial least squares (UPLS), principal component regression (UPCR) and radial basis function-artificial neural networks (URBF-ANN), as well as trilinear models, such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and N-way PLS (NPLS). The results were compared with those obtained from two-way voltammetric data matrix with the use of conventional models, PLS, PCR and RBF-ANN. It was found that most of the three-way models, such as PARAFAC and UPLS, performed somewhat better than others on the basis of the %RPET (5.6∼5.9) and mean %Recovery (94∼102). The proposed methods were then applied for the determination of human urine samples spiked with the three catecholamines, and the results were satisfactory.

Application of multiway-variate calibration to simultaneous voltammetric determination of three catecholamines

Simultaneous determination of copper, cadmium and nickel by ratio derivative polarography.

Three-dimensional copper hydroxide nanosupercages and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode for the selective determination of hydrogen peroxide. ...

Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Three-Dimensional Copper Hydroxide Nanosupercages and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide

Yongnian Ni

Papers

Nano-composite of Co3O4 and Cu with enhanced stability and catalytic performance for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors

Sensitive and fast analysis of terbutaline sulfate in food using a modified electrode based on a MoS2/AuNPs nanocomposite

Application of multiway-variate calibration to simultaneous voltammetric determination of three catecholamines

Simultaneous determination of copper, cadmium and nickel by ratio derivative polarography.

Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Three-Dimensional Copper Hydroxide Nanosupercages and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide