There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[Crohn's disease].

Recently, Kovalenko and co-workers and Li and co-workers developed CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) inorganic perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs), which exhibited ultrahigh photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs), low-threshold lasing, and multicolor electroluminescence. However, the usual synthesis needs high temperature, inert gas protection, and localized injection operation, which are severely against applications. Moreover, the so unexpectedly high QYs are very confusing. Here, for the first time, the IPQDs' room-temperature (RT) synthesis, superior PL, underlying origins and potentials in lighting and displays are reported. The synthesis is designed according to supersaturated recrystallization (SR), which is operated at RT, within few seconds, free from inert gas and injection operation. Although formed at RT, IPQDs' PLs have QYs of 80%, 95%, 70%, and FWHMs of 35, 20, and 18 nm for red, green, and blue emissions. As to the origins, the observed 40 meV exciton binding energy, halogen self-passivation effect, and CsPbX3@X quantum-well band alignment are proposed to guarantee the excitons generation and high-rate radiative recombination at RT. Moreover, such superior optical merits endow them with promising potentials in lighting and displays, which are primarily demonstrated by the white light-emitting diodes with tunable color temperature and wide color gamut.

CsPbX3 Quantum Dots for Lighting and Displays: Room-Temperature Synthesis, Photoluminescence Superiorities, Underlying Origins and White Light-Emitting Diodes

Light-Emitting Diodes. (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.) By A. A. Bergh and P. J. Dean. Pp. viii+591. (Clarendon: Oxford; Oxford University: London, 1976.) £22.

/pdf/light-emitting-diodes-ubzde6g9qc.pdf

Light-emitting diodes

A 3.54 nJ/bit receiver front-end for 3–5 GHz impulse radio UWB is proposed in this paper. Noncoherent receiver architecture enables the implementation of a low cost, low power and low complexity receiver. Current-reuse technique is employed in the LNA to reduce the power consumption while achieving high gain. The designed LNA can achieve 40 dB voltage gain and the receiver front-end can achieve a detection sensitivity of −90 dBm. The total power consumption of the receiver front-end is 23.6 mW at 1.8V supply. With a power-on duration of 150 ns (equivalent to 15% for 1 MHz data rate transmission), an energy efficiency of 3.54 nJ/bit is achieved.

A 3.54nJ/bit UWB front-end in 0.18-µm CMOS

Abstract Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses and is advantageous to research because, unlike many herpesviruses, it can be studied in the laboratory by infection of the natural host (common and koi carp). Previous studies have reported a negative correlation among CyHV-3 strains between viral growth in vitro (in cell culture) and virulence in vivo (in fish). This suggests the existence of genovariants conferring enhanced fitness in vitro but reduced fitness in vivo and vice versa. Here, we identified the syncytial plaque formation in vitro as a common trait of CyHV-3 strains adapted to cell culture. A comparison of the sequences of virion transmembrane protein genes in CyHV-3 strains, and the use of various recombinant viruses, demonstrated that this trait is linked to a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the open reading frame (ORF) 131 coding sequence (C225791T mutation) that results in codon 183 encoding either an alanine (183A) or a threonine (183T) residue. In experiments involving infections with recombinant viruses differing only by this SNP, the 183A genovariant associated with syncytial plaque formation was the more fit in vitro but the less fit in vivo. In experiments involving coinfection with both viruses, the more fit genovariant contributed to the purifying selection of the less fit genovariant by outcompeting it. In addition, this process appeared to be accelerated by viral stimulation of interference at a cellular level and stimulation of resistance to superinfection at a host level. Collectively, this study illustrates how the fundamental biological properties of some viruses and their hosts may have a profound impact on the degree of diversity that arises within viral populations.

/pdf/virus-induced-interference-as-a-means-for-accelerating-4ht88j0f.pdf

Virus-induced interference as a means for accelerating fitness-based selection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 single-nucleotide variants in vitro and in vivo

Random lasing has attracted increasing attension due to ease of fabracation and wide range of potential applications.1 The usage of semiconductor QDs as optical gain media has advantages over traditional ones, including wavelength tunability by changing the size and low pumping threshold. Herein we demonstrate the coherent random lasing from self-assembled clusters of CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs with relatively low threshold of 0.7 mJ/cm2.

Coherent Random lasing from CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots

A compact and energy-efficient AES accelerator for area and power-constrained IoT applications was fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process. By eliminating the need of intermediate data registers for MixColumns and ShiftRows in our proposed AES accelerator, we were able to reduce the total flip-flops to only 269 bits. Further, by reusing functional blocks and swapping the D flip-flops in data storage with scan flip-flops, our chip occupies only a tiny area of $1800 \mu \text{m}^{2}$ with an extremely low number of 657 gates. In addition, clock gating method and near-threshold voltage were used in our design. Thus, our accelerator consumes only $3.2 \mu \text{W}$ with an operation efficiency of 953 Gbps/W using a 0.48 V supply voltage. Compared with prior arts, our design has savings of 53% on area and 55% on the number of gates. When operated with a supply voltage of 0.48 V at 25°C, we can also achieve lower energy efficiency.

A 1800μm2, 953Gbps/W AES Accelerator for IoT Applications in 40nm CMOS

The relationship between NBTI and TDDB of Hf-based high-k p-MOSFETs is examined. At certain NBTI stressing conditions, the conversion of switching hole traps into permanent trapped holes will occur to reduce the NBTI recovery. The conversion is shown to correspond to a degradation of the TDDB lifetime. This evidence implies switching hole traps as a common link between NBTI and TDDB.

Yuan Gao

Papers

A 3.54nJ/bit UWB front-end in 0.18-µm CMOS

Virus-induced interference as a means for accelerating fitness-based selection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 single-nucleotide variants in vitro and in vivo

Coherent Random lasing from CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots

A 1800μm2, 953Gbps/W AES Accelerator for IoT Applications in 40nm CMOS

The link between NBTI and TDDB of high-k gate P-MOSFETs