Yunji Park

TL;DR: The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is identified as a key regulator of TGF-β–dependent immune responses, capable of inhibiting the IL-6–driven induction of proinflammatory TH17 cells and promoting anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation, indicating that a common metabolite can regulate the balance between pro- and anti- inflammatory immunity.

TL;DR: It is found that the helper T cell fate was not fixed and that mature, antigen-stimulated CD4+ T cells terminated expression of the gene encoding ThPOK and reactivated genes of the CD8 lineage, resulting in the post-thymic termination of the helpers T cell program and the functional differentiation of distinct MHC class II–restrictedCD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

TL;DR: It is indicated that CpG DNA provides a survival signal to DCs, which might be one of mechanisms by which bacterial DNA stimulates and maintains the innate immune responses.

TL;DR: This study compares the role of two closely related TNFR family molecules, OX40 and 4-1BB, in generating effector CD8 T cells to Ag delivered by adenovirus and suggests that they can have a clear functional dichotomy in modulating effectorCD8 T cell responses.

TL;DR: The conjugation of consecutive deoxyriboguanosine residues, called a dG run, at the 3′ terminus of phosphodiester CpG ODNs significantly enhanced TNF-α and IL-12 production from mouse splenic dendritic cells (DCs).