다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Ju Mei,†,‡,∥ Nelson L. C. Leung,†,‡,∥ Ryan T. K. Kwok,†,‡ Jacky W. Y. Lam,†,‡ and Ben Zhong Tang*,†,‡,§ †HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China ‡Department of Chemistry, HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar!

Luminogenic materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes have attracted much interest since the debut of the AIE concept in 2001. In this critical review, recent progress in the area of AIE research is summarized. Typical examples of AIE systems are discussed, from which their structure–property relationships are derived. Through mechanistic decipherment of the photophysical processes, structural design strategies for generating new AIE luminogens are developed. Technological, especially optoelectronic and biological, applications of the AIE systems are exemplified to illustrate how the novel AIE effect can be utilized for high-tech innovations (183 references).

Aggregation-induced emission

Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, two “H”-shape and one “AB”-type second order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers were prepared for the first time. The linkage positions of chromophores in the “H”-shape polymers were shoulder-to-shoulder, in which the chromophore moieties were part of the polymeric backbone. The subtle structure could be easily modified by the introduction of different isolation groups, to adjust the property of the resultant polymers. All the polymers exhibited good film-forming ability and thermal stability. The second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments demonstrated that the two “H”-shape polymers (P1 and P2) exhibited large SHG coefficients of d33 values (up to 90 pm V−1), and P2 even demonstrated relatively good long-term temporal stability.

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"H"-shape second order NLO polymers: synthesis and characterization.

We demonstrate modification of the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface with an ultrathin layer of hexadecafluorocopper phthalocyanine (F16CuPc) can significantly enhance hole injection as a result of the formation of an interfacial dipole layer. The dipole layer produces a surface potential shift, which reduces the hole injection energy barriers and thus improves the hole injection efficiency. The devices with anode modification exhibit significantly enhanced luminance efficiencies and dramatically decreased operation voltages, compared to devices with the bare ITO anode. The minimum turn-on voltage of 2.6V and the maximum efficiency of 5.1cd∕A are achieved.

Effective modification of indium tin oxide for improved hole injection in organic light-emitting devices

Organic semiconductors for electronic devices have attracted much attention in scientific research and industrial applications. In the past few decades, functional organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have developed rapidly, especially OFETs with memory function. Here, through a detailed introduction of the background, memory mechanism and structure construction, we make a comprehensive summary of memory applications based on OFETs. Further, we describe four types of OFET memories, i.e. floating-gate OFET memory, electret OFET memory, ferroelectric OFET memory, and optoelectronic OFET memory. Finally, we put forward challenges in the development of OFET memory and look forward to the future trend of the development of OFET memory.

/pdf/application-of-organic-field-effect-transistors-in-memory-y8ukb7tejh.pdf

Application of organic field-effect transistors in memory

Two well-defined alternating p-conjugated polymers containing a soluble electroactive benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran (BDF) chromophore, poly(BDF-(9-phenylcarbazole)) (PBDFC), and poly(BDF-benzothiadiazole) (PBDFBTD) were synthesized via Sonogashira copolymerizations. Their optical, electrochemical, and field-effect charge transport properties were characterized and compared with those of the corresponding homopolymer PBDF and random copolymers of the same overall composition. All these polymers cover broad optical absorption ranges from 250 to 750 nm with narrow optical band gaps of 1.782.35 eV. Both PBDF and PBDFBTD show ambipolar redox properties with HOMO levels of -5.38 and -5.09 eV, respectively. The field-effect mobility of holes varies from 2.9 x 10-8 cm2 V-1 s-1 in PBDF to 1.0 x 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 in PBDFBTD. Bulk heterojunction solar cell devices were fabricated using the polymers as the electron donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, leading to power conversion efficiencies of 0.240.57% under air mass 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm-2). These results indicate that their band gaps, molecular electronic energy levels, charge mobilities, and molecular weights are readily tuned by copolymerizing the BDF core with different p-conjugated units. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

Benzodifuran-containing well-defined π-conjugated polymers for photovoltaic cells

A general and useful method has been developed to evaluate the metallic-to-semiconducting (M/S) ratio for separated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). By virtue of measuring UV−vis−NIR spectra of a variety of solutions with different ratios of metallic-rich to semiconducting-rich SWNTs, the commercial IsoNanotubes samples as well as metallic-rich HiPCO SWNTs (HiPCO-M) separated by an Agarose gel method have been evaluated. Values of 99.5% metallic contents for IsoNanotubes-M, 98.9% semiconducting contents for IsoNanotubes-S, and 1.24 for the absorption coefficient of IsoNanotubes, whereas 80.4% metallic contents for HiPCO-M and 1.05 for the absorption coefficient of HiPCO SWNTs were obtained. This method does not need pure metallic (M-) or semiconducting (S-) SWNTs as references. Furthermore, we found that this method can also be applied to evaluate the M/S ratio for any SWNT samples.

Yunqi Liu

Papers

"H"-shape second order NLO polymers: synthesis and characterization.

Effective modification of indium tin oxide for improved hole injection in organic light-emitting devices

Application of organic field-effect transistors in memory

Benzodifuran-containing well-defined π-conjugated polymers for photovoltaic cells

A Generalized Method for Evaluating the Metallic-to-Semiconducting Ratio of Separated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by UV—vis—NIR Characterization