Cancer Research Institute

About: Cancer Research Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1061 authors who have published 754 publications receiving 26712 citations.

Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma from MAeSTro Study

Abstract: Objective: To investigate surgical, and clinical outcomes in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) according to treatment options (immediate operation [IOP] vs. delayed operation following active surveillance (AS) [DOP]). Background: AS has been adopted as an alternative to immediate surgery in patients with low-risk PTMC. Although some patients undergo surgery during AS, there is little information on surgical, and clinical outcomes after delayed operation following AS. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study including 1177 patients was conducted at 3 tertiary hospitals in Korea from June 2016 to January 2020. Patients with low-risk PTMC were enrolled. The participants were self-assigned into AS or IOP, and during AS, the patients underwent surgery if there were signs of disease progression or if the patient’s choice changed. Results: A total of 516 patients underwent operation; 384 (74.4%) in the IOP group and 132 (25.6%) in the DOP group. Compared with the IOP group, the DOP group was significantly associated with a larger tumor size (P=0.002), higher rates of lymphatic invasion (P=0.002) and multifocality (P=0.008). However, the rates of total thyroidectomy, postoperative hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord palsy did not differ significantly between the groups (P= 0.283, P=0.184 and P=0.284, respectively). Of the 132 patients in the DOP group, disease progression was present in 39 (29.5%) patients. The DOP group with disease progression had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and radioiodine therapy (P=0.025) than the DOP group without disease progression. Conclusions: These results suggest that AS might be considered an alternative treatment option for patients with low-risk PTMC regarding the extent of thyroidectomy and postoperative complications in the DOP group. To assess oncologic outcomes, long-term follow-up will be needed. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02938702.

Modulation of Immune Response by Omega-3 in Health and Disease

Abstract: During the last 3-4 decades, there has been vast information on effect of omega-3 on the immune system in health and in diseases, especially those caused by excessive inflammatory response. In this chapter, attempts have been made to elucidate the effect of omega-3 on different components of immune system, especially during child development and in aged individuals. Omega-3 is also known to reduce the pathological manifestations especially in diseases related to inflammation, allergy and autoimmunity which are the major challenges today. Earlier studies on effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in immune system were conducted using animal systems; in this chapter, more emphasis is given on human studies. n-3 PUFAs have been shown to be very effective in controlling inflammation by affecting extravasation, phagocytic response, generation of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. They also manipulate the functions of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes including T and B cells, NK cells, LAK cells and also T regulatory cells. Most of the reports on effect of dietary omega-3 in human health have been conducted as clinical trials, extrapolated from experiences in animals and also using in vitro techniques, which have limitations. The chapter reports trials conducted to assess the effectiveness of omega-3 diet supplementation in healthy volunteers using in vitro and in vivo assays. It also deals with the effect of omega-3 diet supplementation on pregnancy and lactation, especially in relation to infant allergies. Cognizance has also been taken of the effects of omega-3 diet supplementation in aged population. Finally, the chapter reviews important literature on the effectiveness of n-3 PUFAs in controlling inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Comparison of PANAMutyper and PNAClamp for Detecting KRAS Mutations from Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Abstract: Background/aim KRAS is one of the frequently mutated genes in human cancers and often relates with drug resistance and poor prognosis. PANAMutyper™ is a novel technology that integrates PNAClamp™ and PANA S-Melting™. In the present study, PANAMutyper™ and PNAClamp™ were compared for the detection of KRAS mutations using different samples of patients with malignant pleural effusion. Patients and methods A total of 103 patients (including 56 lung adenocarcinoma, 10 lung squamous carcinoma, 17 small cell lung cancer, 3 large cell lung cancer, 3 stomach cancer, 2 ovarian cancer, and others) with malignant pleural effusion were investigated using matched tumor tissue, cell block, and pleural effusion samples. The diagnostic performance of these two methods was compared. Results KRAS mutations were detected in 18 (17.5%) of 103 patients using tissue, cell block, and pleural effusion samples. All 18 patients with KRAS mutations were detected by PANAMutyper™ using any sample type, however, only 7 cases were detected by PNAClamp™. Among the subtypes of KRAS mutations, substitution in codon 12, 35G>T was the most frequent, followed by substitution in codon 12, 35G>A and codon 12, 34G>A. In pleural effusion specimens, PANAMutyper™ showed a better diagnostic performance compared to PNAClamp™. Conclusion PANAMutyper™ had a diagnostic superiority for the detection of KRAS mutations in patients with malignant pleural effusion compared to PNAClamp™, although there was a concordance between PANAMutyper™ and PNAClamp™ results. Therefore, PANAMutyper™ can be used for a more sensitive and accurate detection of KRAS mutations.