Showing papers by "Clemson University published in 1975"
TL;DR: A method is developed for optimizing simultaneously the ordering of cities within each cluster and theordering of clusters within several sets of clusters in the traveling salesman problem.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two numerical methods are presented for computing the derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors which do not require complete solution of the eigenvalue problem if only a few derivatives are sought.
Abstract: Two numerical methods are presented for computing the derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors which do not require complete solution of the eigenvalue problem if only a few derivatives are sought. The 'iterative' method may be used to find the first derivative of one or all of the eigenvectors together with the second derivative of their eigenvalues in a self-adjoint system. If the left- and right-hand eigenvectors are known, the first derivative of the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue and the second derivative of the largest eigenvalue may be obtained for a nonself-adjoint system. The 'algebraic' method may be used to find all orders of the derivatives, provided they exist, without requiring the left-hand eigenvectors.
123 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present study demonstrate the utility of the scanning electron microscope for characterizing the ultrastructure of the initial tissue infiltrate in porous polyethylene implants.
Abstract: The results of the present study demonstrate the utility of the scanning electron microscope for characterizing the ultrastructure of the initial tissue infiltrate in porous polyethylene implants. Shortly after implantation a thin noncellular fibrous-like coating was observed to form on the pore surface. The cells observed in the polyethylene pellets 3 days after implantation were generally consistent with what one would expect to see in a hematoma. As early as 14 days after implantation much of the blood clot was replaced by newly formed bone spicules. Tissue shrinkage accompanying dehydration of the specimen for scanning electron microscope study although a disadvantage occasionally proved useful in that it provided the opportunity to study the internal surface of the fibrous coating when separated from the surface of the implant. Less shrinkage was observed in implants whose pores were filled with bone spicules.
57 citations
TL;DR: Red light induced and far red light inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis in ripening tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) when compared to controls kept in the dark, suggesting a phytochrome-mediated process.
Abstract: Red light induced and far red light inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis in ripening tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) when compared to controls kept in the dark. Red illumination following far red illumination reversed the inhibitory action of far red light on carotenoid biosynthesis, suggesting a phytochrome-mediated process. Quantitation of individual carotenoids favored the hypothesis of two separate carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in tomatoes.
53 citations
TL;DR: The effects of acute hyperthermia on certain physiological parameters of turkey hens was studied and it was found that the response of the turkey toHyperthermia is similar to the reportedresponse of the chicken.
47 citations
45 citations
TL;DR: Predation by Podisus maculiventris and Stiretrus anchorago on the Mexican bean beetle was studied and field cage data substantiated finding from laboratory studies that E. varivestis larval populations were significantly reduced by both pentatomid species.
Abstract: Predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) and Stiretrus anchorago (F.) on the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis (Mulsant), was studied in the laboratory and field cages. P. maculiventris accepted a wider range of E. varivestis stages as prey than did S. anchorago. Both predaceous pentatomid species responded to a rise in temperature with an increase in prey consumption. However, P. maculiventris responded more acutely to the increase in temperature than did S. anchorago . Prey consumption by each species increased at a negatively accelerating rate as prey density increased. These data were fitted to Holling's disc equation. S. anchorago had a distinct preference for E. varivestis to velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hiibner, while P. maculiventris took approximately equal numbers of each. Field cage data substantiated finding from laboratory studies in that E. varivestis larval populations were significantly reduced by both pentatomid species.
37 citations
32 citations
TL;DR: The histological results indicated that within the limits of this investigation, the biocompatibility of the ceramic materials used in this study compared favorably with the clinically used Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants and the UHMWPE implants.
Abstract: Disk-shaped implants of spinel, alumina, mullite, zircon, a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were implanted in the paraspinalis muscle of 12 adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits. Prior to implantation the implants were characterized with respect to size and shape, weight and surface roughness. After periods of 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months, the rabbits were sacrificed and the tissue specimens were retrieved with the implants still intact. Histological examination of the tissues surrounding the implants along with changes in the size and shape, weight, and surface roughness of the implants were used as criteria for evaluating these materials for implant purposes. No surfaces degradation of any of the materials was detected using scanning electron microscopy. Fibrous tissue seemed to adhere to the UHMWPE implants more than any other material used in this study. Large amounts of fibrous tissue were also found to adhere to the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants. The histological results indicated that within the limits of this investigation, the biocompatibility of the ceramic materials used in this study compared favorably with the clinically used Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants and the UHMWPE implants.
28 citations
TL;DR: A detailed discussion of the Palatini variational principle is presented in this article, where it is shown how it can be derived from the more general Hilbert variational principles, and the main purpose of this paper is to explain the origin of the principle in a logical way instead of stating it as an ad hoc result as is usual.
Abstract: A detailed discussion of the Palatini variational principle is presented It is shown how the Palatini variational principle can be derived from the more general Hilbert variational principle The main purpose of this paper is to explain the origin of the Palatini variational principle in a logical way instead of stating it as anad hoc result as is usual
28 citations
TL;DR: Lattice (Fourier) images of crystallites in human bone and teeth, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope techniques.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Lattice (Fourier) images of crystallites in human bone and teeth, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope techniques. The lattice images observed in the normal and diseased calcified tissue were compared with the images of synthetic hydroxyapatite crystallites.
TL;DR: A laboratory study was conducted to determine the range of temperatures and humidities at which conidial sporulation and germination of Entomophthora gammae (Weiser) would occur and the pathogen was inactivated in less than 1 h when cadavers were frozen.
Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted to determine the range of temperatures and humidities at which conidial sporulation and germination of Entomophthora gammae (Weiser) would occur. The fungus was able to sporulate at relative humidities of 80–100% and was inactivated by humidities of 50% and below. Conidia germinated at 98 and 100% RH and could not survive exposure to humidities below 75% RH . E. gammae sporulated and germinated at 10–26.7°C but could not survive prolonged exposure to 32.2 and 37.8°C. When cadavers were frozen, the pathogen was inactivated in less than 1 h.
TL;DR: Dimilin had no observable effects on the emergence of the parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor Cirault and Sanders from parasitized fly pupae, nor was the Parasitoid’s ability to parasitize hosts affected.
Abstract: Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of Dimilin® (1-(4-chlorophenyl) -3- (2,6- difluorobenzoyl)-urea) on Musca domestica L. and some of its parasitoids. In the laboratory, applications of Dimilin at 10,000, 100, 50, and 10 ppm had no observable effects on house fly eggs nor did the chemical affect fly pupae. Concentrations of 10, 2.5, and 1.25 ppm AI produced over 90% mortality in intermediate to late stage larvae. Dimilin had no observable effects on the emergence of the parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor Cirault and Sanders from parasitized fly pupae, nor was the parasitoid’s ability to parasitize hosts affected.
When compared with dimethoate to control flies on poultry farms, the Dimilin-treated farm favored populations of parasitoids, i.e., had greater parasitoid abundance and species diversity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors find necessary and sufficient conditions on a polynomial ǫ(x) ϵ F[x] in order that it defines a permutation of (i) Dn, the diagonalizable matrices in Fn×n, (ii) Rn, all of whose roots are in F, and (iii) the matric ring itself.
TL;DR: The authors have modified the original algorithm so that the requirement for convex cost functions can now be relaxed, but this modification is made only at the expense of simplicity and the applicability of the algorithm to situations involving discrete time-cost functions is discussed.
Abstract: The problem of reducing project duration efficiently arises frequently, routinely, and repetitively in government and industry. Siemens [1] has presented an inherently simple time-cost tradeoff algorithm (SAM—for Siemens Approximation Method) for determining which activities in a project network must be shortened to meet an externally imposed (scheduled) completion date (which occurs prior to the current expected completion date). In that paper the network activities of the example problem all have constant cost-slopes. Siemens mentions that the algorithm can be used where the activities have (convex) nonlinear cost-slopes—instead of just one cost-slope and one supply (time available for shortening) for each activity, there can be multiple cost-slope/supply pairs for each activity. This technique is illustrated in this paper. Also illustrated here is an improvement suggested by Goyal [2]. In step 12 of the original algorithm Siemens suggests a review of the solution obtained by the first eleven steps to eliminate any unnecessary shortening. Goyal's modification does this systematically during application of the algorithm by de-shortening (partially or totally) selected activities which were shortened in a prior iteration. He claims that, empirically at least, the technique always yields an optimal solution. Our experience verifies this claim (given the assumption of convex cost functions). The authors have modified the original algorithm so that the requirement for convex cost functions can now be relaxed. Unfortunately, this modification is made only at the expense of simplicity. To further complicate matters we found that Goyal's technique does not always yield an optimal solution when concave functions are involved and thus still another modification was required. These are discussed in detail below. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the algorithm to situations involving discrete time-cost functions.
TL;DR: Turkey hens were exposed to stepwise increases in ambient temperature and the temperature increase caused a significant decrease in plasma sodium, calcium, and magnesium, and in egg production, shell thickness and egg weight and a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in plasma potassium.
TL;DR: Correlation of the phylogeny of insect orders and order groupings with the radio-sensitivity index was found to be poor, however, when the index was related to longevity, there was a tendency for species comprising the major orders investigated to occur in groups along the predicted curve.
TL;DR: In this article, a technique is proposed for determining bluntness and wear of rolling disk cutters, which involves making successive measurements of cutter diameter during cutting experiments and comparing them with the original cutter diameter, one half of the difference between these two values in millimeters is defined as bluntness.
TL;DR: Vertical distribution studies of certain Culicoides species were conducted in both salt-marsh and wooded areas and the relationship between vertical stratification, reported breeding sites, and host preference is discussed.
Abstract: Vertical distribution studies of certain Culicoides species were conducted in both salt-marsh and wooded areas. In the salt-marsh, light trap collections of Culicoides furens (Poey) and C. melleus (Coquillett) were made at 4 heights above ground level. Numbers of midges were highest at 45 and 25 ft and fewest at 5 and 60 ft; results were similar for males and females of both species. Wind direction had no effect on vertical stratification of these 2 species.
In a wooded area, the following species were more abundant in the tree canopy (42 ft above ground level) than below the canopy (20 ft above ground level): C. furens, C. haematopotus Malloch, C. stellifer (Coquillett), and C. villosipennis Root … Hoffman. Culicoides arboricola Root and Hoffman and C. spinosus Root and Hoffman were equally distributed at 20 and 42 ft, and C. chiopterus (Meigen), C. obsoletus grp., and C. travisi Vargas were more abundant at or below 20 ft than above (42 ft). The relationship between vertical stratification, reported breeding sites, and host preference is discussed for each of these species.
TL;DR: Ratios of conidia to resting spores were not significantly altered when infected larvae were exposed to shortened photoperiods or to cooler temperatures, and age or size of infected larvae appeared to influence spore development.
TL;DR: Wasps exposed to tobacco leaves treated with monocrotophos died within 24 h, but were not affected by exposure to Dipel®-treated leaves, and topical treatment with B. thuringiensis did not decrease posttreatment longevity, although there did seem to be an initial effect on survival.
Abstract: Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a tobacco budworm parasitoid. Ingestion of the active material in sugar water by this parasitoid resulted in a significant decrease in posttreatment longevity. Topical treatment with B. thuringiensis did not decrease posttreatment longevity, although there did seem to be an initial effect on survival. Wasps exposed to tobacco leaves treated with monocrotophos died within 24 h, but were not affected by exposure to Dipel®-treated leaves. Posttreatment longevity of a stilt bug, Jalysus spinosus (Say), was not decreased by exposure to tobacco leaves treated with B. thuringiensis .
TL;DR: Poults fed 5 and 10% pokeberries exhibited ataxia and occasional inability to walk and gall bladder of dead birds was frequently much enlarged and filled with brownish fluid rather than normal bile.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors calculated the fractional increase in the Clausius-Mossotti expression for the dielectric constant of a non-polar fluid on the basis of the Kirkwood-Yvon theory, assuming that the structure of the fluid is that appropriate to a Lennard-Jones interatomic potential.
Abstract: We have calculated the fractional increase in the Clausius-Mossotti expression for the dielectric constant of a non-polar fluid on the basis of the Kirkwood-Yvon theory, assuming that the structure of the fluid is that appropriate to a Lennard-Jones interatomic potential. The triplet distribution function which occurs in the Kirkwood-Yvon theory was replaced by the superposition approximation. Pair distribution functions, and relevant thermodynamic properties, for a Lennard-Jones fluid were taken from the machine simulation studies of Verlet and co-workers. We present the results at the two reduced temperatures T* = 1·5 and T* = 2·5, and compare them with (i) predictions based on the dielectric virial expansion (curtailed at the three-particle term), and (ii) some estimates by Alder, Strauss and Weis, obtained by the method of molecular dynamics. We conclude that, subject to the assumptions of the Kirkwood-Yvon theory, the dielectric virial expansion approach is adequate when the reduced density, ρ*, is l...
Patent•
30 Jan 1975TL;DR: A process for making fat-free flavorless peanut flakes having utility as a high protein food extender by forming an aqueous mix of finely ground raw peanuts, or raw peanuts from which a part of the oil has been removed by mechanical pressure, drying the mix into a thin stratum, and extracting the oil with a solvent such as hexane as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A process for making fat-free flavorless peanut flakes having utility as a high protein food extender by forming an aqueous mix of finely ground raw peanuts, or raw peanuts from which a part of the oil has been removed by mechanical pressure, drying the mix into a thin stratum, and extracting the oil with a solvent such as hexane. The process includes making full-fat, or partially defatted, flavorless shelf-stable peanut flakes or flour by the removal of volatile flavor compounds from an aqueous emulsion-suspension of finely ground raw peanuts, heating the emulsion-suspension to high temperatures, and dehydrating the cooked emulsion-suspension. Antioxidants and metal complexing agents may be added to the emulsion-suspension prior to dehydration. The aqueous suspension-emulsion is useful for preparation of milk-like beverages after removal of volatile flavor compounds, before or after dehydration. Defatted, partially defatted, and full-fat peanut flakes are useful in formulations for sandwich spreads, confections, imitation meat-type items, breakfast cereals and in peanut butter to modify consistency and reduce stickiness in the mouth, and as extenders for meat poultry, and fish.
TL;DR: Type of information obtainable from the records system are described, and values calculated from data input to March 31, 1974 are given as a progress report.
TL;DR: Investigation of transmission of Leucocytozoon smithi in domestic turkeys by Simulium slossonae Dyar & Knab and S. congareenarum was investigated for a 1-year period in the Coastal Plains near Sumter and in the Sandhills near Pageland, South Carolina, revealed much higher transmission levels and more intense feeding of theSimulium vectors.
Abstract: Weekly incidence of transmission of Leucocytozoon smithi (Laveran & Lucet) (Sporozoa: Leucocytozoidae) in domestic turkeys by Simulium slossonae Dyar & Knab and S. congareenarum (Dyar & Shannon) was investigated for a 1-year period in the Coastal Plains near Sumter and in the Sandhills near Pageland, South Carolina. Each week 5 Leucocytozoon -free-8-week-old turkeys were placed in the field as sentinels for 7 days, after which they were returned to the laboratory and monitored for infection by routine Giemsa-stained blood smears. Transmission of L. smithi occurred throughout the year in the Coastal Plains except for 6 weeks during the winter months. These 6 weeks were characterized by cold, rainy weather. Gametocyte levels were highest in the spring, mid-summer, and early fall. The Sandhills investigations revealed much higher transmission levels and more intense feeding of the Simulium vectors. Transmission levels were 100% almost every week. Gametocyte counts reached a peak during July and October and were consistently higher than in the Coastal Plains. Simulium slossonae was collected throughout the year and S. congareenarum was collected from March until mid-May.
TL;DR: In this paper, a growth rate prediction model was applied to long term weather records for various areas to determine applicability of the model for evaluation of suitable seasonal periods and locations for potato production.
TL;DR: In this article, the critical length (escape time) associated with a solution of a matrix Riccati equation is shown to be bounded in terms of a known value of the solution at any point.
TL;DR: This investigation attempts to apply the concept of direct skeletal attachment via tissue ingrowth to the attachment of femoral head prostheses to the femur by implanted into the femora of dogs and their results compared to those obtained by the impaction of stainless steel prostheses and acrylic-stabilized prostheses.
Abstract: This investigation attempts to apply the concept of direct skeletal attachment via tissue ingrowth to the attachment of femoral head prostheses to the femur Stainless steel (316L) canine femoral head prostheses with a ceramic coated stem were implanted into the femora of dogs and their results compared to those obtained by the impaction of stainless steel prostheses and acrylic-stabilized prostheses The implants were tested in vivo for time periods ranging from 2 to 13 months, after which time the animals were sacrificed and the femora excised The femora were sectioned with the implants in place and prepared for examination by light microscopy Bone was in closer approximation to the ceramic coated implants than to the other two types of implantations The uncoated and acrylic-stabilized implants were usually characterized by the presence of a relatively thick fibrous sequestering membrane