Institution
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere
About: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Snow & Data assimilation. The organization has 332 authors who have published 997 publications receiving 38835 citations. The organization is also known as: CIRA.
Topics: Snow, Data assimilation, Aerosol, Tropical cyclone, Precipitation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Tropical cirrus evolution and its relation to upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) are examined in this article by analyzing satellite-derived cloud data, UTWV data from infrared and microwave measurements, and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis wind field.
Abstract: Tropical cirrus evolution and its relation to upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) are examined in the paper by analyzing satellite-derived cloud data, UTWV data from infrared and microwave measurements, and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis wind field. Building upon the existing International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data and the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) product, a global (except polar region), 6-hourly cirrus dataset is developed from two infrared radiance measurements at 11 and 12 μm. The UTWV is obtained in both clear and cloudy locations by developing a combined satellite infrared and microwave-based retrieval. The analysis in this study is conducted in a Lagrangian framework. The Lagrangian trajectory analysis shows that the decay of deep convection is immediately followed by the growth of cirrostratus and cirrus, and then the decay of cirrostratus is followed by the continued growth of cirrus. Cirrus properties con...
179 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the potential of satellite-borne instruments to provide accurate global monitoring of megacity CO2 emissions using GOSAT observations of column averaged CO_2 dry air mole fraction (X_(CO_2)) collected over Los Angeles and Mumbai.
Abstract: Urban areas now house more than half the world's population, and are estimated to contribute over 70% of global energy-related CO_2 emissions. Many cities have emission reduction policies in place, but lack objective, observation-based methods for verifying their outcomes. Here we demonstrate the potential of satellite-borne instruments to provide accurate global monitoring of megacity CO_2 emissions using GOSAT observations of column averaged CO_2 dry air mole fraction (X_(CO_2)) collected over Los Angeles and Mumbai. By differencing observations over the megacity with those in nearby background, we observe robust, statistically significant X_(CO_2) enhancements of 3.2 ± 1.5 ppm for Los Angeles and 2.4 ± 1.2 ppm for Mumbai, and find these enhancements can be exploited to track anthropogenic emission trends over time. We estimate that X_(CO_2) changes as small as 0.7 ppm in Los Angeles, corresponding to a 22% change in emissions, could be detected with GOSAT at the 95% confidence level.
175 citations
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Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere1, California Institute of Technology2, University of Toronto3, University of Colorado Boulder4, Earth System Research Laboratory5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, University of Oklahoma7, University of Edinburgh8, Los Alamos National Laboratory9, University of Wollongong10, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology11, Ames Research Center12, University of Bremen13, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy14, University of Paris15
TL;DR: The Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) algorithm has been applied to greenhouse gas observations from the GOSAT satellite since 2009, with modifications necessary for OCO-2.
Abstract: . Since September 2014, NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)
satellite has been taking measurements of reflected solar spectra and using
them to infer atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This work provides details
of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm, versions 7 and 8, used to derive the
column-averaged dry air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2
( X CO 2 ) for the roughly 100 000 cloud-free measurements recorded
by OCO-2 each day. The algorithm is based on the Atmospheric Carbon
Observations from Space (ACOS) algorithm which has been applied to
observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) since
2009, with modifications necessary for OCO-2. Because high accuracy,
better than 0.25 %, is required in order to accurately infer carbon
sources and sinks from X CO 2 , significant errors and regional-scale
biases in the measurements must be minimized. We discuss efforts to filter
out poor-quality measurements, and correct the remaining good-quality
measurements to minimize regional-scale biases. Updates to the radiance
calibration and retrieval forward model in version 8 have improved many
aspects of the retrieved data products. The version 8 data appear to have
reduced regional-scale biases overall, and demonstrate a clear improvement
over the version 7 data. In particular, error variance with respect to TCCON
was reduced by 20 % over land and 40 % over ocean between versions 7
and 8, and nadir and glint observations over land are now more consistent.
While this paper documents the significant improvements in the ACOS
algorithm, it will continue to evolve and improve as the CO2 data
record continues to expand.
174 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a new approach for combining vertical cloud and aerosol information from CloudSat and CALIPSO with MODIS data to assess impacts of clouds and aerosols on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative heating.
Abstract: The launch of CloudSat and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) in 2006 provided the first opportunity to incorporate information about the vertical distribution of cloud and aerosols directly into global estimates of atmospheric radiative heating. Vertical profiles of radar and lidar backscatter from CloudSat’s Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard CALIPSO naturally complement Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiance measurements, providing a nearly complete depiction of the cloud and aerosol properties that are essential for deriving high-vertical-resolution profiles of longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes and heating rates throughout the atmosphere. This study describes a new approach for combining vertical cloud and aerosol information from CloudSat and CALIPSO with MODIS data to assess impacts of clouds and aerosols on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface ra...
174 citations
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TL;DR: The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) is NASA's next instrument dedicated to extending the record of dry-air fraction of column carbon dioxide (XCO2 ) and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) measurements from space as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: . The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) is NASA's next instrument dedicated to extending the record of
the dry-air mole fraction of column carbon dioxide ( XCO2 ) and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) measurements from space.
The current schedule calls for a launch from the Kennedy Space Center no earlier than April 2019 via a Space-X Falcon 9 and Dragon capsule.
The instrument will be installed as an external payload on the Japanese Experimental Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF)
of the International Space Station (ISS) with a nominal mission lifetime of 3 years.
The precessing orbit of the ISS will allow for viewing of the Earth at all latitudes less than approximately 52 ∘ ,
with a ground repeat cycle that is much more complicated than the polar-orbiting satellites
that so far have carried all of the instruments capable of measuring carbon dioxide from space. The grating spectrometer at the core of OCO-3 is a direct copy of the OCO-2 spectrometer,
which was launched into a polar orbit in July 2014.
As such, OCO-3 is expected to have similar instrument sensitivity and performance characteristics to OCO-2,
which provides measurements of XCO2 with precision better than 1 ppm
at 3 Hz, with each viewing frame containing eight footprints approximately 1.6 km by 2.2 km in size.
However, the physical configuration of the instrument aboard the ISS, as well as the use of a new pointing mirror assembly (PMA),
will alter some of the characteristics of the OCO-3 data compared to OCO-2.
Specifically, there will be significant differences from day to day in the sampling locations and time of day.
In addition, the flexible PMA system allows for a much more dynamic observation-mode schedule. This paper outlines the science objectives of the OCO-3 mission and, using a simulation of 1 year of global observations,
characterizes the spatial sampling, time-of-day coverage, and anticipated data quality of the simulated L1b.
After application of cloud and aerosol prescreening, the L1b radiances are run through the operational L2 full physics retrieval algorithm,
as well as post-retrieval filtering and bias correction,
to examine the expected coverage and quality of the retrieved XCO2 and to show how the measurement objectives are met.
In addition, results of the SIF from the IMAP–DOAS algorithm are analyzed.
This paper focuses only on the nominal nadir–land and glint–water observation modes,
although on-orbit measurements will also be made in transition and target modes, similar to OCO-2,
as well as the new snapshot area mapping (SAM) mode.
167 citations
Authors
Showing all 332 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Graeme L. Stephens | 83 | 341 | 25365 |
Sonia M. Kreidenweis | 82 | 315 | 23612 |
Graham Feingold | 73 | 221 | 17294 |
William R. Cotton | 69 | 257 | 18298 |
Jeffrey L. Collett | 60 | 248 | 12016 |
Glen E. Liston | 58 | 186 | 13824 |
James P. Kossin | 54 | 140 | 16400 |
Christian D. Kummerow | 51 | 191 | 13514 |
Armin Sorooshian | 51 | 216 | 8678 |
William C. Malm | 47 | 123 | 9664 |
Christopher W. O'Dell | 46 | 137 | 6383 |
John A. Knaff | 44 | 118 | 7296 |
Raymond W. Arritt | 41 | 122 | 9312 |
Timothy G. F. Kittel | 39 | 80 | 6097 |
Thomas H. Vonder Haar | 36 | 120 | 4545 |