Showing papers by "Deakin University published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavior of inlaid disc and recessed disc microelectrodes of identical radii under chronoamperometric conditions is compared both theoretically and experimentally.
216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the shapes of steady-state voltammograms at inlaid disc and at shrouded hemispherical microelectrodes are presented. But the shape of voltamograms is not identical if the electron transfer occurs irreversibly.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the exact shape of steady-state voltammetric waves under reversible, irreversible and quasi-reversible conditions is predicted for an inlaid disc electrode subject to control by diffusion, thermodynamics, kinetics or any combination of these three constraints.
152 citations
54 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reactions of R 2 SnX 2 (R = Ph, Me; X = Cl, Br) with excess halide, tributylphosphine, tricyclohexylphophosphine and TPHP oxide have been investigated by tin-119 and phosphorus-31 NMR techniques.
47 citations
TL;DR: It appears that apovitellenins I and VI are major allergens for some of the individuals tested, and this is the first report of the in vitro allergenicity of these proteins.
Abstract: Three hen egg yolk proteins, apovitellenins I and VI and phosvitin, and one egg white protein, ovomucin, were purified and tested for their ability to bind IgE in the sera of patients hypersensitive to egg. All of the proteins bound IgE from the sera of egg-allergic individuals in the radioallergosorbent test, and they also inhibited binding of IgE to the parent fractions-either egg yolk (apovitellenins I and VI and phosvitin) or egg white (ovomucin). It appears that apovitellenins I and VI are major allergens for some of the individuals tested. This is the first report of the in vitro allergenicity of these proteins.
47 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: The findings reviewed in this paper lend general support to the view that free radicals play a significant role in the multifactorial syndrome which constitutes leaf senescence.
Abstract: Decreased catalase activity is a consistent feature of leaf senescence. Although not as well documented, superoxide dismutase appears generally to decrease during leaf senescence. These changes suggest that free radical levels are likely to be higher in senescing tissues. The hydrogen peroxide-scavenging ability of chloroplasts due to the activity of the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase appears to be established although there is no information on changes in levels of these enzymes in response to leaf senescence. In plants, unlike mammals, the direct reaction of glutathione with H2O2, catalysed by glutathione peroxidase, appears to be only a minor means of scavenging hydrogen peroxide. Senescence appears to be correlated with increases in lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability. The findings reviewed in this paper lend general support to the view that free radicals play a significant role in the multifactorial syndrome which constitutes leaf senescence.
45 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Carohydrate intake was considered low, but overall intake of nutrients studied was adequate, and the proportions of dietary energy contributed by the macronutrients were carbohydrate, 44%; fat, 37%; protein, 15%; and alcohol, 4%.
Abstract: This report describes the dietary patterns of 56 elite Australian Rules football players. Data collected included an anthropometric profile, training information, and measurements of haemoglobin and blood lipids. Information on dietary practices, for training and game preparation, was collected by interview and food diary. Analysis of training diets showed a mean energy intake of 14.2 MJ/day (0.17 MJ/kg/day). Mean protein intake was 126 g/day (1.5 g/kg/day). The proportions of dietary energy contributed by the macronutrients were carbohydrate, 44%; fat, 37%; protein, 15%; and alcohol, 4%. Mean daily intake of selected vitamins and minerals from food sources was: retinol activity, 1439 mg; thiamin, 1.7 mg; riboflavin, 2.8 mg; niacin equivalents, 45.1 mg; vitamin C, 139 mg; iron, 19.6 mg; and calcium, 1016 mg. Carbohydrate intake was considered low, but overall intake of nutrients studied was adequate. Language: en
42 citations
TL;DR: Competitive information systems appear as a more complex phenomenon than is generally proposed and their use in a competitive industry seems to be characterized more by a number of small interactive moves than one sustainable competitive breakthrough.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problems of mathematics education for Aboriginal children are analysed within this framework and the authors acknowledge that language considerations are profoundly involved in mathematics education and that the values so encoded stand in a particular social relation to the values encoded in the mathematical registers of English.
Abstract: If we start with the view that doing mathematics is making mathematical meanings using certain forms of discourse, it follows that language considerations are profoundly involved in mathematics education. Aboriginal‐Australian communities use language in characteristic ways and the values so encoded stand in a particular social relation to the values encoded in the mathematical registers of English; acknowledging this is an important first step in developing mathematics programmes for Aboriginal children. Within this framework the problems of mathematics education for Aboriginal‐Australian children are analysed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that one modification of Ph 2 Te[S 2 (OEt) 2 ] 2 (3 ) is orthorhombic, space group P 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1, a 8.3349(9), b 8.389(1), c 18.311(3), c 21.51(1)°, Z = 2.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of adducts of RSnX 3 with halide, tributylphosphine (P) and tributyphosphines oxide (L) were either 1:1 five coordinate or 1:2 six coordinate complexes, and the pairwise additivity model was used to calculate the chemical shift positions for the mixed halide systems.
TL;DR: The effectiveness of training mothers as home reading tutors was assessed using a sample of 42 mother-child pairs and showed that the amount of time parents spent listening to a child read at home was positively related to both reading accuracy and comprehension scores.
Abstract: The effectiveness of training mothers as home reading tutors was assessed using a sample of 42 mother-child pairs. The children were aged 8 to 9 yr. Analyses showed that the amount of time parents spent listening to a child read at home was positively related to both reading accuracy and comprehension scores. A short group-program training mothers as home reading tutors achieved the anticipated changes in mothers' behaviours: delayed intervention, increased use of meaning and contextual cues rather than direct word prompts, and greater use of praise. Children's reading accuracy was marginally improved and reading comprehension was significantly increased as a result of training the mothers as home reading tutors.
TL;DR: Very dense specific binding for [125I]‐Bolton‐Hunter substance P (BHSP) was observed over ganglia of the submucous plexus, with weaker binding over internodal strands.
Abstract: Whole mounts of guinea pig ileum submucosa were incubated with radiolabeled tachykinins, and binding sites were visualized using autoradiography. Very dense specific binding for (/sup 125/I)-Bolton-Hunter substance P (BHSP) was observed over ganglia of the submucous plexus, with weaker binding over internodal strands. Dense specific binding was also seen over occasional strands of circular muscle, with weak binding over clumps of mucosa. Although very weak binding was seen over some large blood vessels, no binding was associated with smaller blood vessels. Localization of binding was absent in whole-mounts coincubated with 1 microM substance P, used to define nonspecific binding. Localization of BHSP-specific binding was also abolished in whole-mounts coincubated with 1 nM substance P, but not with 1 nM neurokinin B, suggesting that binding was probably to an NK-1 tachykinin receptor. In whole-mounts incubated in (/sup 125/I)-iodohistidyl neurokinin A (INKA) or (/sup 125/I)-Bolton-Hunter neurokinin B (BHNKB), no specific binding over ganglia was observed. These binding sites for BHSP are probably identical with the neuronal substance P receptors mediating mucosal ion transport.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors interviewed 50 women and men middle and senior managers about the factors they perceived as important in their promotion in management and found that male managers mentioned luck as a factor in promotion more than the female managers.
Abstract: An Australian study interviewed 50 women and men middle and senior managers about the factors they perceived as important in their promotion in management. A major finding was the similarity between the profiles of female and male managers although female managers averaged fewer promotions. Helping factors, perceived similarly by both female and male managers were: coaching by others, past training and experience, personal skill and positive work attitudes. Male managers mentioned luck as a factor in promotion more than the female managers. “Having a career plan” was not an important factor and few of the managers had firm plans for the next five years. Greater variability was found in the factors perceived to hinder promotional progress. The findings are discussed considering the popular advice offered to emergent managers by self‐help books, researchers and consultants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of mixed-ligand species C8H8Te(X)(SS) (X = Cl, Br, I; SS = S2CNEt2, S2P(OR)2,S2COR) in mixtures of C 8H8TeX2 and C 8h8te(S)2.
TL;DR: The results are consistent with the view that the seagrass leaves act as passive ion-exchange media during the course of Pb uptake.
TL;DR: In this paper, a readily constructed ESR-electrochemical cell has been designed which enables simultaneous in situ ESRvoltammetric and ESRcontrolled potential electrolysis experiments to be performed (i) in solvents of either low dielectric constant (dichloromethane) or high dielectoric constant (water, ethanol), with platinum, mercury, gold, silver or other electrode materials, in either a stationary or flow-through configuration and (iv) at variable temperature.
TL;DR: This research demonstrates that a graph-based inference engine offering flexible control structures and inxact matching can complement intermediate notations, such as conceptual graphs, offering the expressive power of a rich knowledge representation formalism.
Abstract: The design and implementation of a General Purpose Inference Engine for canonical graph models that is both flexible and efficient is addressed. Conventional inference techniques (e.g. forward chaining, backward chaining and mixed strategies) are described, and new modes of flexibility through the provision of inexact matching between data and assertions/rules are explained. In GPIE, scanning/searching of the rules in the rule base is restricted to a minimum during execution, but at the expense of compilation of the rule set prior to execution. The generality of the rule set is transparent to the inference engine, thereby permitting reasoning at various levels. This research demonstrates that a graph-based inference engine offering flexible control structures and inxact matching can complement intermediate notations, such as conceptual graphs, offering the expressive power of a rich knowledge representation formalism. The availability of an extendible graph processor for building appropriate canonical graph models presents the exciting prospect of a general purpose reasoning engine.
TL;DR: Algorithms de resolution des equations du type ax m b=c and ax=xb (a, b, c∈Tn) Tn designant le semigroupe de toutes les fonctions sur un ensemble fini avec representation des membres de Tn par des graphes orientes as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Algorithmes de resolution des equations du type ax m b=c et ax=xb (a, b, c∈Tn) Tn designant le semigroupe de toutes les fonctions sur un ensemble fini avec representation des membres de Tn par des graphes orientes
TL;DR: A direct radioimmunoassay was developed for assessing the levonorgestrel levels in human plasma without the need for heat, chromatographic or extraction pretreatment and the performance of the direct assay in quality control tests was more than favourable when compared with the extraction procedure.
Abstract: A direct radioimmunoassay was developed for assessing the levonorgestrel levels in human plasma without the need for heat, chromatographic or extraction pretreatment. D-norgestrel-3 (0-carboxymethyl)-oximino-BSA conjugate was used to raise antibodies having a low binding affinity towards other endogenous steroids. The rivanol-purified antiserum after dilution was used as the binding protein. The direct assay of levonorgestrel in human plasma was then compared to an extraction procedure. Lower intra-assay variability was shown by the direct assay when compared to the extraction method used at a sensitivity level of 0.15 nmol/L. The performance of the direct assay in quality control tests was more than favourable when compared with the extraction procedure. An examination of the effects of protein concentration on extraction efficiency was carried out together with an assessment of levonorgestrel levels in plasma in eight normal healthy women currently taking oral contraceptives and eight women who were not, at 0-24 h after the ingestion of 150 micrograms of D-NG and 30 micrograms of ethynyl oestradiol.
TL;DR: A symposium entitled 'Tools for Tachykinin and Neuropeptide Research' was held on 29th and 30th August 1987, at Salamander Bay, N.S.W., Australia, as a Satellite Meeting of the Xth International Congress of Pharmacology.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The relationship between height and hip length in young adult Caucasian Australian women is examined and an estimate of 'loss of height' is provided to predict earlier 'maximal height' from hiplength in elderly CaucasianAustralian women.
Abstract: Loss of height with advancing years in women most commonly reflects the development of osteoporosis of the vertebral column. Moreover, height measurement from young adult life is often not available for making this judgement about a particular woman. Unless affected by fracture or Paget's disease of bone, alteration in hip length with age is unlikely. We have therefore examined the relationship between height and hip length in young adult Caucasian Australian women and used this to predict earlier 'maximal height' from hip length in elderly Caucasian Australian women. The equation used was maximal height = a + b hip length (r = 0.65, n = 36, P less than 0.0001) where values for a and b were taken from the sample of young women, (a = 1.096, b = 1.185) and applied to the older women. The difference between 'maximal height' and 'observed height' then provided an estimate of 'loss of height'. For a representative sample of ambulant institutionalized elderly women aged 85 +/- 6.47 years, (mean +/- s.d.) range 70-98 years, the loss of height was 0.15 +/- 0.07 m (mean +/- s.d.), range 0-0.27 m. For such groups of women there should be value in knowing maximal height and loss of height at least in so far as assessment of lean body mass, adiposity (as BMI or weight (kg)/height(m)2) and osteoporosis are concerned.
TL;DR: In this article, a range of RuII (N4)(X)(Y) complexes with macrocyclic type ligands and suitable axial ligands has been shown to readily accessible six coordinate formally ruthenium(IV) complexes on the voltammetric time scale as ascertained by studies at platinum, gold, glassy carbon and mercury electrodes.
Abstract: The chemistry of higher valent ruthenium(IV) complexes has attracted considerable attention because of its possible relevance in catalytic processes and the fact that analogous iron complexes may be biologically important. In this work a range of RuII (N4)(X)(Y) complexes (N4 = nitrogen-based macrocycle or related ligand ; X, Y = axial ligands) has been prepared. It is shown that the presence of macrocyclic type ligands and suitable axial ligands leads to readily accessible six coordinate formally ruthenium(IV) complexes on the voltammetric time scale as ascertained by studies at platinum, gold, glassy carbon and mercury electrodes. Thus, dimethylgloxime complexes RuII ( dmgH )2(PPh3)2 and other complexes containing non- oxidizable macrocyclic type ligands readily undergo two chemically and electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation processes to produce six coordinate ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(IV) complexes. The ruthenium(III) species are moderately stable on the synthetic time scale at ordinary temperature, whereas -78°C is required to generate low concentrations of the formally ruthenium(IV) complexes with a limited range of complexes. When the axial phosphine ligands are replaced by nitrogen and oxygen donors (N-methylimidazole , dimethyl sulfoxide , pyridine, etc.), the stability of the six-coordinate ruthenium(IV) complexes are significantly lowered as evidenced by the more complex voltammetry for the ruthenium(III)/(IV) oxidation process. Similarly, replacement of the (N4) macrocyclic type system by (N-O)2 (e.g. quinolin-8-ol as ligand ) lowers the stability of the ruthenium(IV) complexes. When the macrocyclic type ligand can itself be oxidized (e.g. benzoquinone dioxime as a ligand) four electrons can be transferred reversibly. In this case the oxidation processes are not readily assigned in terms of formal oxidation states although ruthenium(IV) still appears to be an accessible oxidation state. Electrochemical oxidation of the iron complexes, Fe( dmgH)2(P(Obu)3)2 and Fe(Pc)(P( OBu ),3)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine ), also produces two reversible one-electron oxidation processes, confirming that information derived from the more kinetically inert ruthenium systems may be applied to related iron systems on the voltammetric time scale and that macrocyclic type ligands stabilize both high oxidation state formally ruthenium(IV) and iron(IV) oxidation states.
TL;DR: This paper found that disabled readers have greater difficulty reading function words than content words and hypothesised that the low-imagery value of function words could be responsible for the difficulty which disabled readers had with function words.
Abstract: Naming of printed words was found to be more difficult relative to lexical decisions for disabled readers than for normal readers. This finding was interpreted in terms of a phonological recoding deficit in disabled readers. There was also evidence that disabled readers, but not normal readers, have greater difficulty reading function words than content words. It was hypothesised that the low-imagery value of function words could be responsible for the difficulty which disabled readers have with function words. No evidence was found of qualitative differences in reading processes between specific reading retarded and general reading backward groups.
TL;DR: In this article, the construction and promotion of an ideology for multiculturalism in Australia is discussed. But the authors do not discuss the role of race in the construction of the ideology.
Abstract: (1988). Multiculturalism in Australia: the construction and promotion of an ideology. Journal of Education Policy: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 335-350.
TL;DR: Comparison of the groups' health and dietary perceptions showed that non-adherers, as opposed to adherers, were not concerned about reaching their ideal body weight, and may benefit from the use of educational strategies different from those used with patients who are more oriented toward health.
Abstract: This study sought to characterize 40 clients with diabetes, 19 of whom adhered to a high-carbohydrate/fiber diet and 21 of whom did not, in accordance with the adherence pattern. There would seem to be distinct differences in the characteristics of adherers and non-adherers. Dietary adherence was found to be independent for sex, age, occupation, marital status, ethnicity, and education. However, comparison of the groups' health and dietary perceptions showed that non-adherers, as opposed to adherers, were not concerned about reaching their ideal body weight; needed to be motivated to exercise by family or friends; did not perceive diabetes as a threat to their health; were not satisfied with their knowledge about diabetes; were not content with their nutrient status but believed they were consuming adequate amounts of carbohydrate; and believed that they did not need to change their intake of fruit, vegetables, and bread--liking/disliking of these foods being the most important barrier to dietary change. Such patients, identified in screening for potential dietary non-adherence, may benefit from the use of educational strategies different from those used with patients who are more oriented toward health.
TL;DR: Using an instrument developed in the United States to assess students' knowledge of mental health in old age, 179 Australian undergraduates who varied in age, sex, and the frequency of their contact with aged people at home, at work, and in the neighborhood are tested.
Abstract: Using an instrument developed in the United States to assess students' knowledge of mental health in old age, the present study tested 179 Australian undergraduates who varied in age, sex, and the frequency of their contact with aged people at home, at work, and in the neighborhood. As predicted, women scored higher than men and scores rose with age and with contact when age was partialed out. Unexpectedly, Australian students averaged two more items correct than the American students for whom the test was developed. Implications for teaching are considered.
TL;DR: In this paper, an examination of nineteenth and early-20th century events reveals the origins of the following three traditions of school mathematics in Australia: 1.Many groups in society will not benefit fr...
Abstract: An examination of nineteenth and early twentieth century events reveals the origins of the following three traditions of school mathematics in Australia:1.Many groups in society will not benefit fr...