Showing papers by "Eli Lilly and Company published in 1968"

Pill dispenser with indicating means

Abstract: A pill dispenser with indicating means in the form of a flexible strip having a plurality of day indicia which are selectively adjustable to align any set of a predetermined number of successive indicia with a like number of columns of pills, thereby providing an indication of when each pill is to be taken.

Cytokinin from soluble RNA of Escherichia coli: 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino) -2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine

Abstract: We have isolated a compound responsible for the cytokinin activity of soluble RNA from Escherichia coli. The structure, indicated as 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine, C 16 H 23 N 5 0 4 S, on the basis of low-and high-reso!ution mass spectrometry, was established by unequivocal synthesis. The mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, and ultraviolet spectra of the compounds from natural and synthetic sources were identical.

Metabolism of Tryptophans by Pseudomonas aureofaciens: VI. Production of Pyrrolnitrin by Selected Pseudomonas Species

Abstract: Twenty-nine strains of Pseudomonas, classified as P. fluorescens biotype D or E or as P. multivorans, were examined for the production of pyrrolnitrin, an antifungal agent synthesized in P. aureofaciens. Eight strains were shown to produce pyrrolnitrin in shake-flask fermentation. Four cultures were from the multivorans taxon, and the remaining four were members of the fluorescens group. The antifungal agent produced in these strains was isolated and shown to be pyrrolnitrin by comparison with an authentic sample. The strains differed markedly with respect to the amount of pyrrolnitrin produced and in their utilization of exogenous tryptophan. Secondary metabolites, not related to pyrrolnitrin, were also examined and compared with those synthesized in P. aureofaciens. Marked differences were noted in both phenazine pigments and phenolic metabolites. The results of the study suggest that the production of pyrrolnitrin may be widespread in selected taxonomic groups of Pseudomonas. Images

Pathogenic Naegleria sp.—Study of a Strain Isolated from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Experimental observation of the pathogenicity of some strains of Hartmannella plus the observation of human meningo-encephalitis due to small amebas which had a structure compatible with that of Hartmannella in the tissues has suggested the concept of respiratory amebiasis followed by cerebral and other complications. Until recently no cultural evidence was available to identify positively the amebas in the human cases. This report summarizes the isolation of Naegleria sp. (HB-1) from human spinal fluid by mouse inoculation followed by tissue culture of the infected mouse brain. C. Butt and his associates, who submitted this material to us, isolated the Naegleria on agar medium with Escherichia coli without antibiotics at 37 C. The new isolate failed to grow on the medium previously suggested by us for Hartmannella. HB-1 is virulent for laboratory animals and has a structure in the tissues which more resembles the amebas in the human tissue than the amebas in experimental Hartmannella infections of mice. Naegleria and Hartmannella are both potential pathogens for normal animals and man. A clinical laboratory method to detect Naegleria as well as Hartmannella is herein suggested.

Interferon Stimulation by a Double Stranded RNA of a Mycophage in Statolon Preparations

Abstract: PREPARATIONS of statolon derived from fermentation broths of Penicillium stoloniferum are capable of inducing interferon and contain particles with viral morphology1–2. Interferon inducing activity is separable into a small molecular and a particulate fraction by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy showed that particles are present only in the particulate fraction. Although earlier results suggested that the activity was associated with a polysaccharide3, this theory was no longer tenable after our discovery and description of virus particles and interferon activity associated primarily with the particles1–2. Lampson et al.4 reported that the active component of helenine, obtained from fermentation broths of Penicillium funiculosum and an inducer of interferon, is a double stranded RNA. Because double stranded RNAs have so far been found only in viruses or in cells infected with RNA virus, we undertook to determine whether the statolon particle contains double stranded RNA. The nature of the small molecular fraction was also examined.

Formation of desacetylcephalosporin C in cephalosporin C fermentation.

Abstract: The origin of desacetylcephalosporin C in cephalosporin C fermentation broths was investigated. Esterase activity was detected in cell-free extracts of Cephalosporium acremonium, but these extracts failed to deesterify cephalosporin C. When cephalosporin C was added to sterile and inoculated fermentation media, the antibiotic decayed at nearly identical rates. The formation of desacetylcephalosporin C during the fermentation was measured by quantitative chromatography and by the incorporation of valine-1-(14)C into the molecule. The rate constants obtained from the results of these experiments were equivalent to those for the decay of cephalosporin C in sterile and inoculated media. The data demonstrate that desacetylcephalosporin C is produced by nonenzymatic hydrolysis of cephalosporin C.

Molecular-orbital calculations on electrophilic substitution and relative basicities in pyrrole, indole, furan, and benzofuran

Abstract: Two molecular-orbital methods—extended Huckel theory and CNDO/2—have been used to estimate the relative electrophilic reactivities of the alpha and beta positions in the nonalternant heterocyclic compounds pyrrole, indole, furan, and benzofuran by comparing total transition-state energies. The order of basicities of three positions of indole and pyrrole are predicted. Charge densities are also calculated and evaluated in the light of n.m.r. chemical shift data.

The stabilizing effect of sucrose upon respiratory syncytial virus infectivity.

Abstract: SummaryThe effect of various concentrations of sucrose upon retention of RS virus viability during storage at different temperatures was studied. As the concentration of sucrose was increased, the survival of virus was enhanced. A concentration of 44.5% sucrose with storage at −70°C appeared to be optimal for retention of RS virus infectivity. Virus was stored under these conditions for periods in excess of 2 years with no significant loss in infectivity. Storage at −20°C, even in the presence of hypertonic sucrose, was less satisfactory than at 4°C or at −70°C. Cotton swabs containing less than 10 TCID50 retained viable virus in 44.5% sucrose at 4°C for a period of 7 days. The application of these observations in both the laboratory and clinic are discussed.

Effect of Methionine and Sulfate on the Metabolism of Cephalosporium acremonium

Abstract: The metabolism of Cephalosporium acremonium grown in a complex medium supplemented with DL-methionine or inorganic sulfate was studied. More growth occurred in a sulfate medium than in a methionine medium. Methionine-grown cells had an increased rate of respiration, a higher rate of catabolism with acetate and glucose as substrate, and higher specific activities of certain respiratory enzymes than sulfate-grown cells. Labeled acetate and glucose were assimilated at a faster rate by methionine-grown cells than sulfate-grown cells. Taurine, cystathionine, and small quantities of four acidic compounds were present in the amino acid pool of methionine-grown cells, but they were not detected in the pool of sulfate-grown cells. The differences in metabolic activity of sulfate and methionine-grown cells are discussed in regard to cephalosporin C synthesis.

Substituted phenylalkanoic acid derivatives ii

Abstract: NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF 2-N4-PHENOXYPHENYL OR 4-PHENYLTHIOPHENYL)ALKANOIC ACIDS HAVING ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC, AND ANTI-PYRETIC ACTIVITY.

Apparatus for conveying and filling capsules

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an apparatus for conveying and handling a capsule of the type having a cap portion and body portion interfitted to one another. The apparatus comprises essentially of a conveyor preferrably in the form of an endless flexible chain having connected thereto relatively movable complementary capsule holding means which are adapted to move into and out of alignment as the conveyor is moved in a predetermined path to effect sequentially the feeding, separation, filling, reassembly and finally ejection of the filled capsule therefrom. Thereafter the arrangement is such that the respective complementary capsule holding portions can be individually purged; and the cycle of operation repeated.

Methods and compositions for inhibiting plant growth

Abstract: THE PRESENT INVENTION IS CONCERNED WITH METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS USEFUL IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF PLANTS, AND IS PARTICULARLY DIRECTED TO METHODS EMPLOYING AND COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AN ACTIVE AGENT WHICH IS A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA 2-R'',3-C6H5,(R-)N-QUINOXALINE OR ITS ACID ADDITION SALTS, WHEREIN R REPRESENTS HALO OR METHYL, SAID R BEING LOCATED ON THE 6 OR 7 POSITION, ONLY; R'' REPRESENTS HALO, HYDROXY, LOWERALKOXY, AMINO, N-LOWERALKYLAMINO, DI-N-LOWERALKYLAMINO, OR PIPERIDINO; AND NREPRESENTS AN INTEGER OF FROM 0 TO 1, BOTH INCLUSIVE. THE PRESENT INVENTION IS ALSO DIRECTED TO THE NOVEL COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA 2-(PIPERIDIN-1-YL),3-C6H5,(R-)N-QUINOXALINE AND ITS ACID ADDITION SALTS, WHEREIN R, AS ABOVE, REPRESENTS HALO OR METHYL, SAID R BEING LOCATED ON THE 6 OR 7 POSITION, ONLY, AND N REPRESENTS AN INTEGER OF FROM 0 TO 1, BOTH INCLUSIVE.