Showing papers by "Emory University published in 1976"
TL;DR: Sixty patients are presented who were found to have isolated defects in the endopelvic fascia at the lateral sidewall of the pelvis with significant cystourethroceles and stress urinary incontinence.
359 citations
300 citations
TL;DR: The two major components of pregnancy that differed from pseudopregnancy, that is, the presence of rat placental lactogen or decidual tissue, did not appear to account for the early termination of prolactin surges during pregnancy.
Abstract: The pattern of plasma prolactin following uterine cervical stimulation consists of two surges each day, one nocturnal, occurring between 0100−0900 h (lights on 0600−1800 h), and one diurnal, occurring between 1500−2100 h. This pattern of prolactin continued throughout pseudopregnancy; the last surge was observed on the morning of day 11 (day 1 was taken as the first day of diestrus of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy). Prolactin levels remained low thereafter until the spontaneous proestrous surge on the afternoon of day 12, signalling the onset of a new estrous cycle. In contrast, the two daily prolactin surges did not continue throughout pregnancy, and in fact, were terminated sooner in pregnant animals than in pseudopregnant animals. The last diurnal surge was observed on day 8 while the last nocturnal surge was observed on day 10. The early termination of prolactin surges during pregnancy correlated with the increased secretion of rat placental lactogen. However, placental extracts obtained from day 11 of...
195 citations
TL;DR: The projections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum have been studied using anatomical and physiological methods in the cat and fibers could not be consistently traced to the cerebral cortex, and were not seen at all in the cerebellum.
Abstract: The projections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum have been studied using anatomical and physiological methods in the cat. Axonal trajectories were traced using either the Fink-Heimer I method following electrolytic lesions, or the autoradiographic method after injection of tritiated proline into the nucleus. Results with both methods were similar. Axons of locus coeruleus neurons ascended ipsilaterally through the mesencephalon lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus, ventrolateral to the central gray. In the caudal diencephalon, the ascending fibers entered the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex where they diverged into two fascicles; a dorsal fascicle which terminated in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and a ventral fascicle which gave off fibers to the ventrobasal complex and reticular nucleus of the thalamus while continuing ventrolaterally into the lateral hypothalamus medial to the internal capsule. Fibers of the ventral fascicle ascended in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta and were traced through the preoptic region into the septum. Fibers could not be consistently traced to the cerebral cortex, and were not seen at all in the cerebellum.
Throughout the ascending course of the path from the locus coeruleus, axons were given off to the pretectal area, the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei, and the amygdala; fibers passed contralaterally through the posterior commissure, the midline thalamus, and the supraoptic commissure. Fibers descending from the locus coeruleus surrounded the intramedullary portion of the facial nerve and further caudally were observed ventrolateral to the hypoglossal and dorsal vagal nuclei.
The axonal trajectories visualized with degeneration and autoradiographic methods followed closely those previously shown for reticular formation neurons, but were also similar to locus coeruleus projections revealed by histofluorescence methods. After injections of horseradish peroxidase into the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex, lateral hypothalamus or preoptic region, labeled neurons were located in the locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Reticular formation neurons were not labeled. Neurons in locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum could be antidromically activated by stimulation in the rostral midbrain or caudal diencephalon.
Our data indicate that both adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum have similar projections.
186 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate a correlation between seasonal breeding activity and increased levels of circulating testosterone in the rhesus monkey, and are supportive of the postulate that other seasonally observed behavior patterns (e.g., increased aggression) also may be mediated by higher testosterone levels.
163 citations
161 citations
TL;DR: The most common presenting symptom was an impacted tooth with retention of deciduous teeth, which is more common in males than females.
152 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the surges of plasma PRL initiated by cervical stimulation are responsible for transforming a Corpus luteum of the estrous cycle into a corpus lutesum of pseudopregnancy, as reflected by an increase in progesterone secretion of Day 2.
Abstract: The luteotropic stimuli necessary to transform the corpus luteum of the estrous cycle into a corpus luteum of psuedopregnancy on the morning of diestrus-2 (Day 2), as reflected by a dramatic divergence in progesterone secretion, were studied (Day 1 was taken as the first day of diestrus of pseudopregnancy). The requirement of prolactin (PRL) as a luteotropic stimulus was determined by inhibiting the diurnal and nocturnal PRL surges that occur immediately before and during the divergence in progesterone. Following cervical stimulation, 1 mg of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (EC) was injected at 1100 and 2300 h on Day 1 (lights on 0600-1800 h), and the animals were decapitated at 2-4 h intervals from 1100 h on Day 1 to 1700 h on Day 2. In the control animals, the PRL surges on Day 1 and Day 2 were associated with an increase in progesterone secretion on Day 2. However, the regimen of EC treatment resulted in an inhibition of PRL surges, prolactin remaining at baseline values from 1100 h on Day 1 to 1700 h on Day 2. The inhibition of PRL secretion was associated with a fall in progesterone concentration to reach baseline values by 1700h on Day 2. Furthermore, a group of animals similarly treated with EC returned to vaginal estrus 2 days later. LH concentrations did not differ in control and EC-treated animals. The effect of EC on corpus luteum function could be completely reversed by the simultaneous administration of PRL. In addition, if PRL was administered at 1100 h and 2300 h on diestrus-1 of the estrous cycle, in an attempt to mimic the surges os pseudopregnancy, regression of the corpora lutea did not occur. Progesterone levels increased to reach values comparable to those observed in pseudopregnancy on diestrus-2. The role of LH was studied by administering a dose of LH antiserum at 110 and 2300 h on Day 1 of pseudopregnancy. This treatment failed to inhibit the increase in progesterone observed on Day 2. These results demonstrate that the surges of plasma PRL initiated by cervical stimulation are responsible for transforming a corpus luteum of the estrous cycle into a corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy, as reflected by an increase in progesterone secretion of Day 2. LH seems to have a minor role in maintaining corpus luteum function beyond that observed during the estrous cycle.
135 citations
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01 Jan 1976TL;DR: In the author's opinion, the subject of esthetics should be offered as a comprehensive course and should be included in the dental school curriculum.
Abstract: In the author's opinion, the subject of esthetics should be offered as a comprehensive course and should be included in the dental school curriculum.
128 citations
TL;DR: 5-Azacytidine administered by continuous infusion is well tolerated and is an active compound in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
101 citations
TL;DR: Of these agents, only BCG, administered ip or id 6 days prior to challenge, was found to increase the survival rate of newborn mice.
Abstract: SummarySince age-dependent diminished macrophage function has been related to the increased susceptibility of newborn mice to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the effect of several agents which might activate macrophages or other cells involved in immunity was investigated. BCG, typhoid vaccine, brucella vaccine, levamisole, or staphage lysate were administered to newborn mice prior to challenge with HSV-2. Of these agents, only BCG, administered ip or id 6 days prior to challenge, was found to increase the survival rate of newborn mice. The possible use of BCG, alone or in combination with other modalities, for the prevention or treatment of neonatal HSV infections is discussed.
TL;DR: The physical and biological characteristics of five stations in and near a tidal creek were studied for 18 months as mentioned in this paper, and permanent fish populations were found at the mouth of the creek and in an adjacent tidal river.
Abstract: The physical and biological characteristics of five stations in and near a tidal creek were studied for 18 months. Tidal creeks and tidal rivers are differentiated and defined. Diel fluctuations of dissolved oxygen and temperature were greatest and tidal-induced salinity oscillations the least at the headwaters of the creek. Small salinity oscillations promoted a high overall diversity of fishes at the head-waters of the creek, even though few fish species maintained permanent populations there. Juvenile fishes were abundant in the summer and fall. Extreme temperature and low dissolved oxygen levels prompted a migration of fishes from these areas in late summer. Permanent fish populations were found at the mouth of the creek and in an adjacent tidal river.
TL;DR: Twenty-eight X-linked, recessive mutations of Drosophila melanogaster conferring enhanced sensitivity to the monofunctional alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate, have been recovered and assigned to five complementation groups, suggesting that the genome of D Rosa melanogasters may contain many loci involved with mutagen sensitivity.
Abstract: Twenty-eight X-linked, recessive mutations of Drosophila melanogaster conferring enhanced sensitivity to the monofunctional alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate, have been recovered and assigned to five complementation groups. These groups can be distinguished on the basis of map location and variations in the pattern of mutagen sensitivity. Allelism of members of one complementation group with the previously described meiotic mutant, mei-41, (Baker and Carpenter, 1972) as well as the frequent appearance of female infertility with mutagen sensitivity suggests associated defects in meiotic chromosome behavior or early embryogenesis. Examination of the mutagen sensitivity of double mutants has led to the formulation of a working model of DNA repair for this organism. Studies of a similar nature (Boyd et al., 1976) have identified five additional X chromosome complementation groups, suggesting that the genome of Drosophila melanogaster may contain many loci involved with mutagen sensitivity. The continued isolation and characterization of conditional mutants of this type promises future insights into the mechanisms of DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination in this complex higher eucaryote.
TL;DR: Naloxone increased the dose of the analgesics required to depress response rate in a manner consistent with a competitive antagonism, and response rates were reduced at all doses of d-amphetamine tested in the presence of nalox one.
Abstract: Rats were trained to press a lever in order to stimulate their lateral hypothalamus through a chronically implanted electrode. Dose-response curves were determined for the effects of morphine (0.3–10 mg/kg), pentazocine (1.0–30 mg/kg), cyclazocine (0.03–3.0 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (0.1–3.0 mg/kg) on responding for intracranial stimulation, and then were redetermined in the presence of one or two doses of naloxone. The three analgesics produced only dose-related decreases in responding with the following relative potencies: cyclazocine>morphine>pentazocine. The well-documented rate-increasing effects of d-amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation were observed at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of the drug; decreases in responding at 3.0 mg/kg were associated with stereotyped behavior. Naloxone, which had no effect of its own on self-stimulation, increased the dose of the analgesics required to depress response rate in a manner consistent with a competitive antagonism. In contrast, response rates were reduced at all doses of d-amphetamine tested in the presence of naloxone. Thus, the interaction between naloxone and d-amphetamine is qualitatively different from the one between naloxone and the analgesics. This finding extends to intracranial self-stimulation the generality of a previous report of interactions between d-amphetamine and naloxone on behavior in the rat.
TL;DR: As their name implies, prostaglandins were first identified in secretions of the male reproductive tract but, unlike human seminal vesicle extracts, it had little or no action on the isolated intestine and the uterus of the rat and other laboratory animals.
Abstract: As their name implies, prostaglandins were first identified in secretions of the male reproductive tract. In the early 1930s several workers1–3 showed that human semen could stimulate various smooth muscle preparations, and this activity was ascribed to an unidentified component which von Euler named ‘prostaglandin’. von Euler4,5 then found that a watery alcoholic extract of rhesus monkey seminal vesicles markedly lowered the blood pressure in the rabbit but, unlike human seminal vesicle extracts, it had little or no action on the isolated intestine and the uterus of the rat and other laboratory animals. He therefore postulated the existence of another substance in the monkey which he named ‘vesiglandin’ and which he suggested could be a component of human seminal ‘prostaglandin’.
TL;DR: The principal islets of the anglerfish and the channel catfish appear to be a good source of tissue for further work on somatostatin, and the large number of som atostatin-positive cells may be indicative of an important role for this hormone in teleost physiology.
Abstract: Somatostatin, insulin and glucagon were localized in the principal islets of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) and the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctata) by means of the unlabeled antibody-peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method. Both species showed a similar ratio of positive cells 9:6:4 (insulin:somatostatin:glucagon), but the interrelations of the three cell types differed between species. The large number of somatostatin-positive cells may be indicative of an important role for this hormone in teleost physiology. The principal islets appear to be a good source of tissue for further work on somatostatin.
TL;DR: The alert clinician who notifies his clinical laboratory colleagues that special isolation techniques are required to recover this organism from stool samples, and who submits mesenteric lymph nodes for bacteriologic examination in cases of Mesenteric adenitis, will aid attempts to further delineate the significance of this emerging pathogen in the United States.
TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that recognition memory for male faces was tested following nine different kinds of judgments made when the face was studied. But it made no difference for recognition whether the face had been positively or negatively categorized when it was studied, and memory was poorest following questions about a particular physical feature, e.g., size of nose or straightness of hair, than when other kinds of questions were asked.
Abstract: Recognition memory for male faces was tested following nine different kinds of judgments made when the face was studied. Memory was poorest following questions about a particular physical feature, e.g., size of nose or straightness of hair, than when other kinds of questions were asked. In general, it made no difference for recognition whether the face had been positively or negatively categorized when it was studied.
TL;DR: A newborn with severe ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection acquired in utero is presented to exemplify problems in diagnosis and management.
TL;DR: On the basis of follow-up information obtained and the histopathologic character of the lesions, this entity is benign and does not, in this opinion, have any malignant potential.
TL;DR: Both significantly reduced objective and subjective measures of insomnia, such as total wake time and sleep latency, and there were no remarkable side or toxic effects with either drug.
Abstract: The effects of oral, bedtime triazolam 0.5 mg and flurazepam 30 mg, on the laboratory sleep of 12 insomniacs were compared in a double blind, crossover study. A 22 consecutive night schedule was used: Nts. 1–2 placebo; 3–6 first drug; 7–8 placebo; 9–14 no drugs; 15–16 placebo; 17–20 second drug; 21–22 placebo. In 6 Ss first drug was triazolam and second drug was flurazepam. In the other 6 Ss the drug order was reversed. Effects on sleep were assessed objectively by conventional EEG/EOG/EMG sleep recordings and subjectively by questionnaires administered each morning. Side or toxic effects were assessed by physical exams, clinical lab tests, and twice daily questionnaires. During their administration the two drugs were practically indistinguishable in their effects. Both significantly reduced objective and subjective measures of insomnia, such as total wake time and sleep latency. On discontinuation the drugs differentially affected sleep, e.g., on the first post flurazepam night total sleep time was significantly more than baseline whereas on first post triazolam night, total sleep time was significantly less than baseline. There were no remarkable side or toxic effects with either drug.
TL;DR: The ability of butyrate to stimulate neurite formation at low concentrations is opposed by additional actions on the cell as its concentration is increased, and sodium isobutyrate or gamma aminobutyric acid was ineffective.
TL;DR: It is concluded from this study that the mesencephalic reticular formation of the rat is a possible site of action for the antinociceptive effects of morphine and that morphine does not affect the spontaneous neuronal firing rate in the DR.
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study was to identify the factor structure of the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control scale and it was suggested that locus of control scales be prepared so as to yield a general as well as specific, score to allow the investigator to choose the appropriate measure of loci of control for his purposes.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the factor structure of the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control scale. To this end, the responses of Ss at the elementary (n = 449), junior high (n = 388) and high school (n = 389) were subjected to factor analysis procedures. Both general and specific factors were found. It was suggested that locus of control scales be prepared so as to yield a general as well as specific, score to allow the investigator to choose the appropriate measure of locus of control for his purposes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the new isotope $^{184}\mathrm{Tl}$ has been identified with the mean life of the 375-keV band head of a deformed band was measured to be 0.3 nsec which is a factor of 10 faster than theoretically predicted for a shape-isomeric $E2$ transition.
Abstract: The new isotope $^{184}\mathrm{Tl}$ has been identified with ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ sec and the levels in $^{184}\mathrm{Hg}$ investigated from its decay. The ${0}^{+}$ band head of a deformed band was found to drop to 375 keV in agreement with theoretical predictions. The mean life of the 375-keV ${0}^{+}$ level was measured to be 0.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3 nsec which is a factor of 10 faster than theoretically predicted for a shape-isomeric $E2$ transition.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that even in young women myocardial infarction is most commonly due to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and other causes of coronary occlusion were documented.
Abstract: This study of 24 women under age 40 years with myocardial infarction demonstrates that even in young women myocardial infarction is most commonly due to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Other causes of coronary occlusion were documented in 17 percent of these patients, indicating that these lesser causes of myocardial infarction are more common in young women than in older persons or in young men. In those patients with coronary atherosclerosis one or more significant risk factors could usually, but not always, be documented. The clinical manifestation of the coronary occlusion in the study group was not unlike its manifestation in groups of different ages or sex, or both.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the discriminative effects produced by morphine in the rat can provide an animal model for the quantitative evaluation of the narcotic antagonists properties of drugs that might be considered for use in narcotic antagonist maintenance programs for the treatment of narcotic addiction.
Abstract: The capacity of the specific narcotic antagonists naltrexone and naloxone to block the discriminative effects produced by morphine in the rat were evaluated using a two-choice, discrete-trial avoidance task. The antagonists produced a dose-dependent and time-dependent blockade of morphine's effects as measured by responding on the morphine-appropriate choice lever. Naltrexone and naloxone were equipotent when given subcutaneously concomitantly with subcutaneously administered morphine. However, when the antagonists were administered orally at 0, 2, 4 or 8 h prior to s.c. morphine, naltrexone was more potent than naloxone at every time point and had a duration of action at least twice that of oral naloxone. The discriminitive effects of the narcotic analgesics morphine and methadone were also compared after oral and subcutaneous administration. Both drugs produced dose-related discriminative effects and were one-tenth as potent by the oral as by the subcutaneous route of administration. These results suggest that the discriminative effects produced by morphine in the rat can provide an animal model for the quantitative evaluation of the narcotic antagonist properties of drugs that might be considered for use in narcotic antagonist maintenance programs for the treatment of narcotic addiction.
TL;DR: The treatment of penetrating tracheal injury should depend upon the type, size, and site of the wound and the type of coexistent injury to other organs, and that primary repair of the tracheAL wound can be carried out in the majority of the patients.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the role of UV radiation in the generation of at least one fluorogen by means of a free radical induced photodegradation reaction involving protein bound tryptophan in the lens (particularly in the nucleus).
Abstract: The phenomenon of lens fluorescence in aging and cataract formation is reviewed and two specific fluorogens are demonstrated in the normal aging lens. Evidence is presented regarding the role of UV radiation (above 290 nm) in the generation of at least one fluorogen by means of a free radical induced photodegradation reaction involving protein bound tryptophan in the lens (particularly in the nucleus). The fluorogens can serve as aging parameters and are associated with the development of two other aging parameters; the increase in insoluble protein and decline in SH with age. A mechanism is proposed to account for lenticular aging and nuclear (brown) cataract formation as related to the effects of prolonged exposure of the lens to UV radiation above 290 nm.