Showing papers by "Flinders University published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this article, experimental determinations of oxygen consumption during prolonged gliding were made for a single-winged bird with a fixed-wing and a fixed body, and the aerodynamics of this form of flight has been studied in the field1,3 and in wind tunnels4,6.
Abstract: BY using the interplay of aerodynamic and gravitational forces, birds are known to travel considerable distances on fixed wings. The aerodynamics of this form of flight has been studied in the field1–3 and in wind tunnels4–6, but the energetic cost is unknown. We report here experimental determinations of oxygen consumption during prolonged gliding.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of Australian respondents from metropolitan Adelaide rated the degree of importance of 11 reasons for poverty previously used with adult Americans by Feagin (1972) and found that the Australians were less likely to blame poverty on the poor themselves than the Americans.
Abstract: A sample of Australian respondents from metropolitan Adelaide rated the degree of importance of 11 reasons for poverty previously used with adult Americans by Feagin (1972). Results indicated that the Australians were less likely to blame poverty on the poor themselves than the Americans. In both Australian and American samples reasons attributing poverty to personal responsibility were judged more important by older age groups and by Protestants compared with Catholics. Responses were also related to differences in sex, occupational status, educational attainment, and income. Factor analysis yielded three factors indicating that the 11 explanations of poverty could be clasified as reasons concerned with socio-economic influences, with personal responsibility, and with personal misfortune. Results were discussed in terms of the psychology of causal attribution and their implications for social change were noted.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, organic-rich sediments and coexisting phosphorites from the continental shelf off South West Africa have been analysed for uranium and thiorum by alpha-spectrometry.
125 citations
TL;DR: The basic regularity of chromatin substructure that has been reported in rat liver chromatin was also detected in mouse chromatin and it was concluded that the regular series of double-stranded fragments was probably a consequence of theregular series of single-stranding fragments.
Abstract: The basic regularity of chromatin substructure that has been reported in rat liver chromatin (Hewish & Burgoyne, 1973b) was also detected in mouse chromatin. The regular series of DNA fragments produced by the action of Ca–Mg endonuclease on rat chromatin were studied further. The smallest single-stranded class has a molecular weight of approx. 45000–63000 and the smallest double-stranded class has a molecular weight of approx. 120000–150000. Studies of the substructure of the DNA fragments produced by the Ca–Mg endonuclease have shown that the regular series of double-stranded fragments have regular series of single-stranded fragments within them. It was concluded that the regular series of double-stranded fragments was probably a consequence of the regular series of single-stranded fragments. Digestion time-courses are presented for mouse and rat nuclear DNA.
124 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented here that the endogenous protein kinase of myelin phosphorylates the basic protein, but not the proteolipid protein, and that the site of phosphorylation by this endogenous kinase is quite different from the site phosphorylated by solubleprotein kinase.
Abstract: THERE is considerable interest in phosphoprotein metabolism in the brain and the effects of neurotransmitters on the turnover of phosphate in membrane proteins1. Emphasis has been placed on the phosphorylation of proteins of synaptosomal membranes, but in addition myelin comprises a considerable proportion of the total substrate activity for a soluble protein kinase of brain2. In the following paper Miyamoto et al.3 show that this kinase, which is stimulated by adenosine 3′, 5′-cycle monophosphate (cyclic AMP), phosphorylates the basic protein of myelin. Besides being a substrate for this soluble kinase the basic protein was found to be phosphorylated by an endogenous kinase of myelin3. Carnegie et al.4 demonstrated that a protein kinase from rabbit muscle would selectively phosphorylate certain serine and threonine residues in the basic proteins of rat and human myelin. Soluble protein kinases from brain and muscle seem to phosphorylate similar sites in histones5. We present evidence here that the endogenous protein kinase of myelin phosphorylates the basic protein, but not the proteolipid protein, and that the site of phosphorylation by this endogenous kinase is quite different from the site phosphorylated by soluble protein kinase.
107 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: This chapter describes the serum dopamine 3-hydroxylase (DBH) as an index of sympathetic function, a copper-containing mixed function oxidase that catalysis hydroxylation of the three carbon in the side chain of phenylethylamine derivatives.
82 citations
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81 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that muscarinic cholinergic, alpha adrenergic, and central dopaminergic receptors become supersensitive to their respective neurotransmitters during chronic treatment with morphine, which could constitute a mechanism underlying the development of tolerance to morphine.
Abstract: The behavioral effects of cholinergic and adrenergic agents on fixed ratio responding (FR5) were examined in control rats and in rats chronically treated with morphine (5 mg/kg/day). Tolerance to the effects of morphine on total responses was observed, but not on rate of responding. Following tolerance development, the directly acting muscarinic agonist, pilocarpine, depressed the behavior of the morphine-treated animals to a significantly greater degree than that of the controls. Similarly, drugs which directly or indirectly stimulate alpha adrenergic and central dopaminergic receptors also affected the behavior of the morphine-treated rats to a significantly greater degree. One interpretation of these findings is that muscarinic cholinergic, alpha adrenergic, and central dopaminergic receptors become supersensitive to their respective neurotransmitters during chronic treatment with morphine. Such a change in receptor sensitivity could constitute a mechanism underlying the development of tolerance to morphine.
73 citations
TL;DR: The potential difference between the vacuole and the external medium and the effects of metabolic inhibitors upon it indicate that, under certain external conditions, there are two main factors determining the potential across the plasmalemma as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The value of the potential difference between the vacuole and the external medium,ψvo, and the effects of metabolic inhibitors upon it indicate that, under certain external conditions, there are two main factors determining the potential across the plasmalemma. At all external pH there is a passive diffusion potential and at pH≧6 there is an active electrogenic component of potential. Calculations of ionic permeabilities of K+, Na+ and Cl− from their respective passive fluxes and application of the Goldman equation indicate that H+ permeability is approximately 25 times K+ permeability at pH 4 and 5 and possibly at pH≧6.ψvo does not respond to increases in [K+]0 when a large electrogenic component of potential is present, even though the calculated value ofPK under these conditions is such as to predict significant changes inψvo. It is suggested that this anomaly may be due to intrinsic properties of the electrogenic pump. There is evidence that the electrogenic pump is an active H+ efflux which calculations indicate is about 12 nmoles m−2 sec−1 at pH 5. However the electrogenic potential does not appear to be related to formation of acid and alkali regions in the external solution adjacent to cells ofChara.
71 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that this reduction in sensitivity is one mechanism underlying the development of behavioral tolerance to DFP, but that muscarinic receptors may be more labile than nicotinic receptors.
Abstract: Effects of various cholinergic agents on the free operant responding and single alternation behavior of rats were examined following two regimens of chronic treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), an irreversible anticholinesterase, which lowered brain cholinesterase to 45% and 30% of normal, respectively. Reduction to 45% produced no observable changes in behavior; reduction to 30% gave rise to a decrease in the number of reinforced responses and an increase in the number of nonreinforced responses. Tolerance for the former measure developed within 10 days, whereas tolerance for the latter was not observed. Subsequent challenges were carried out using anticholinesterase agents, and muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists. The results suggest that the sensitivity og both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors to acetylcholine may be reduced during chronic treatment with DFP, but that muscarinic receptors may be more labile than nicotinic receptors. It is hypothesized that this reduction in sensitivity is one mechanism underlying the development of behavioral tolerance to DFP.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach to pion production is explored in the threshold region, where the authors treat the pion-deuteron elastic scattering system as a three-body system, with absorption (or production) occurring because of the existence of a $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ bound state in the nuclear channel.
Abstract: Some consequences of a new approach to pion production are explored in the threshold region. We treat the $\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{NN}$ system as a three-body system, with absorption (or production) occurring because of the existence of a $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ bound state in the ${P}_{11}$ (nucleon) channel. This description of the $\mathrm{NN}\ensuremath{\pi}$ vertex is justified by successfully using the model to calculate the long range part of the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering amplitude. The results of the pion production calculation confirm a sensitivity to the short range behavior of the deuteron wave function and its $D$-state probability reported earlier. We also find a stronger variation of the production amplitude with energy than has previously been reported. This may resolve the apparent incompatibility of some experimental results. Finally, we also discuss the implications of the model for pion-deuteron elastic scattering.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}d$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=0\ensuremath{-}30$ MeV; $s$-wave pions, calculated $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ as function of ${E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, also dependence on $N\ensuremath{-}N$ interaction. $d(\ensuremath{\pi}, \ensuremath{\pi})$; calculated scattering length, including absorption. Faddeev calculation, separable interactions.
TL;DR: In this article, the differential cross-section ratios have been measured for excitation of the $n = 2$ and $n= 1$ states in the electron-impact ionization of helium using the coplanar symmetric geometry.
Abstract: The differential-cross-section ratios have been measured for excitation of the $n=2$ and $n=1$ ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ states in the electron-impact ionization of helium using the coplanar symmetric geometry. This reaction is a crucial test of the reaction model and of the helium wave function. The experiment is sensitive enough to rule out the Hartree-Fock function. Excellent agreement is obtained by using a configuration-interaction wave function.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a method to construct the factor group of a class n − 1 factor group given a suitable description of the input, that is, G/γ n (G).
Abstract: The method described in [2] is essentially comprised of the following construction: Given the class n − 1 factor group of G, G/γ n (G), construct the factor group of class n. To implement this on a computer we need first a suitable description of the input, that is, G/γ n (G). This is dealt with in Section 2. Section 3 describes the algorithm of the computer program for extending the class. The extending is performed through a series of extensions by elementary abelian p-groups. Section 4 comments on the particular computer system used to perform the calculations, results of which are presented in Section 5.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron microscopy analysis of β-alumina ceramics has been carried out and disordered intergrowths of a variety of structural types have been found.
TL;DR: In this article, the bending experienced by a thin elastic electrode insulated on one side is used to obtain "electrocapillary" data on the gold-perchloric acid solution interface, yielding selfconsistent and numerically reasonable values of the charge on the electrode and the cationic and anionic Gibbs' surfaces excesses.
TL;DR: In this article, the deuterium atom was added to the carbon-13 spectra of 1-methylnaphthalene, 1-fluoronaphthalenes, l-naphthonitrile and their 4-deutero analogues.
Abstract: The natural abundance, proton-decoupled carbon-13 spectra of 1-methylnaphthalene, 1-fluoronaphthalene, l-naphthonitrile and their 4-deutero analogues, as well as 2-naphthol and its 6-deutero analogue, have been recorded. Careful comparisons of the spectra of the deuterated and undeuterated compounds allow assignment, not only of the deuterated carbon, but also of the two ortho carbons (based on an upfield ‘two-bond’ deuterium isotope effect), as well as the two meta carbons (based on a significant J(CCCD) of ∼1 Hz) which causes substantial broadening). In the 1-naphthyl compounds, significant coupling between the deuterium (at C4) and C5 allows assignment of this latter carbon. Thus, the consequences of the introduction of one deuterium atom, together with results from off-resonance noise decoupling, permits assignment of most of the spectra. Tentative, but very likely assignments of the few remaining signals, can be made on the bases of chemical shifts and compressional effects. This approach could allow indirect assignment of an aryl carbon to which direct attachment of deuterium is difficult, due to directive effects of an existing substituent.
TL;DR: In this article, the two generator restricted Burnside group of exponent five was shown to have order 5 3lt and class 12 by two independent methods, and a consistent commutator power presentation for the group was given.
Abstract: The two generator restricted Burnside group of exponent five is shown to have order 5 3lt and class 12 by two independent methods. A consistent commutator power presentation for the group is given.
TL;DR: A contemporary movement which has features in common with all those mentioned above, that of the Padisr among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, has on the contrary received scant scholarly attention as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The revivalist movements which developed in so many Muslim communities at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries are well known to students of Islamic history. The Fulani jihād of Usuman dan Fodio, the Sanūsīyah movement in Libya, the rise of the Wahhābīs in Arabia, the reforms instituted among the Volga Tatars, the Mujāhidīn movement in Northern India and the Fara'idis of Bengal have all been the subject of study to a greater or lesser extent. Scholars have pointed out that movements which aimed initially at internal reform in a particular Muslim community often developed the added dimension of attack on what was conceived as an external, generally foreign, threat to that community, this being most clearly the case with the Wahhābīs and the Mujāhidīn. A contemporary movement which has features in common with all those mentioned above, that of the Padisr among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, has on the contrary received scant scholarly attention. This is all the more surprising since a European state—the Kingdom of the Netherlands—became involved in a war with the Minangkabau while the Padri movement was still in its full vigour; but although Dutch records and memoirs deal more than amply with this war, they have remained ignored for what they can tell us about the Padris themselves. This is not to deny that scholars who have attempted a brief characterization of the Padri movement have recognized that its complexity goes beyond the mere epithet ‘Islamic revivalism’, and the more perceptive have tried to link it to certain changes taking place within Minangkabau society, depicting the movement as ‘a social revolution’, ‘a coup d'etai’ or, by implication, as a revolt of the intellectuals. In the later stages of the movement, after European intervention had gathered momentum, a French scholar has characterized the war fought by the Padris as a ‘war of independence’.
TL;DR: In this article, Schutz's (1958) FIRO-B scales and leadership style was determined by Fiedler, 1964, Fiedlers, 1967 least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale.
TL;DR: The phase relationship in the praseodymium, holmium and erbium nitrogen systems have been investigated by chemical, X-ray and metallographic techniques as discussed by the authors, and an analytical method was devised for the determination of oxygen in rare earth oxynitrides.
TL;DR: The Rokeach Value Survey was administered to 12 groups of indigenous respondents fluent in the English language and enrolled in tertiary institutions and training programmes in Papua New Guinea (over 1,100 subjects).
Abstract: The Rokeach Value Survey was administered to 12 groups of indigenous respondents fluent in the English language and enrolled in tertiary institutions and training programmes in Papua New Guinea (over 1,100 subjects). Average value systems of these respondents were compared with those of three Australian student groups (secondary and tertiary). Marked differences were found in the relative importance assigned to particular values. Values assigned relatively high importance by the Papua New Guinea groups were discussed in relation to lower-order safety and security needs that may become salient in a developing country, and in terms of the traditional culture and the history of Papua New Guinea, especially the missionary influence, the extended family and ivantok (“one-talk”) systems, possible expatriate influence on occupational roles, and present concern with emerging nationhood. Values assigned relatively high importance by the Australian groups were discussed in relation to higher-order needs th...
TL;DR: In this paper, 13C NMR data for a series of arylthallium trifluoroacetates (ArTlX2, X = OCOCF3) are reported and assigned.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In the case of nilpotent groups, the authors showed that these are more efficiently handled by building the group via the lower central series using the Schur multiplicator than by using a computer.
Abstract: Classical methods of dealing with groups using a computer prove to be unsatisfactory in the case of nilpotent groups Recent work by Macdonald shows that these are more efficiently handled by building the group via the lower central series using the Schur multiplicator
TL;DR: In this paper, the variation of diffusion coefficient with departure from stoichiometry in pyrrhonist was investigated using a modified Monte Carlo method, and four different site-exclusion models were chosen to describe the interaction between vacancies.
Abstract: Using a modified Monte Carlo method, the authors have investigated the variation of diffusion coefficient with departure from stoichiometry in pyrrhonist. Fe-S. Four different site-exclusion models were chosen to describe the interaction between vacancies. Comparison of the calculated results with available tracer diffusion data suggest that below the Neel temperature (1) vacancy-vacancy interaction extends to fifth nearest neighbours, and (2) the direct jump between sites in adjacent basal planes is the most favoured diffusion path.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of task organization and group composition factors on leader-member relations was investigated, and the results showed that leader-members relations were affected by coordination requirements of the task and the interaction of collaboration with member compatibility.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the free product of Hausdorff topological groups G and H is locally compact if and only if G, H and G ╨ H are discrete.
Abstract: In [3], Graev introduced the free product of Hausdorff topological groups G and H (denoted in this paper by G ╨ H) and showed it is algebraically the free product G * H and is Hausdorff. While it has been studied subsequently, for example [4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12], many questions about its topology remain unsolved. In particular, partial negative results about local compactness were obtained in [7, 11, 12]. In this paper we obtain a complete solution by showing that G ╨ H is locally compact if and only if G, H and G ╨ H are discrete. A similar line of reasoning allows us to show that G ╨ H has no small subgroups if and only if G and H have no small subgroups.
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular distributions for electrons elastically scattered from krypton in the energy range 30 eV to 200 eV were reported. But, as observed for argon by Lewis et al. (1974), at the lower energies an increasing discrepancy is observed.
Abstract: Measurements are reported of angular distributions for electrons elastically scattered from krypton in the energy range 30 eV to 200 eV. Distributions are also given for neon at 100 eV and xenon at 60 eV. The results agree reasonably well with those of previous workers, but, as observed for argon by Lewis et al. (1974), at the lower energies an increasing discrepancy is observed. The authors calculate angular distributions using a semi-phenomenological optical model and find good agreement with the experimental data at 100 eV and above. At all but low angles the relativistic calculations of Walker (1971) which ignore excitations of non-elastic channels, are in very good agreement with the data. The relative dependence with energy of the differential cross section at 30 degrees scattering angle has been measured for krypton, neon and xenon in the range 30 eV to 200 eV and the results are compared with available theoretical and experimental data.