Showing papers by "German Criminal Police Office published in 2016"
Innsbruck Medical University1, German Criminal Police Office2, National Institute of Standards and Technology3, University Hospital Bonn4, University of Oslo5, Norwegian Institute of Public Health6, University of Porto7, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto8, Rio de Janeiro State University9, University of Copenhagen10, University of Santiago de Compostela11, John Jay College of Criminal Justice12, University of Cologne13, Pennsylvania State University14
TL;DR: STRidER expands on the previously established ENFSI DNA WG STRbASE and applies standard concepts established for haploid and autosomal markers as well as novel tools to reduce error and increase the quality of autosomal STR data.
Abstract: The statistical evaluation of autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genotypes is based on allele frequencies. These are empirically determined from sets of randomly selected human samples, compiled into STR databases that have been established in the course of population genetic studies. There is currently no agreed procedure of performing quality control of STR allele frequency databases, and the reliability and accuracy of the data are largely based on the responsibility of the individual contributing research groups. It has been demonstrated with databases of haploid markers (EMPOP for mitochondrial mtDNA, and YHRD for Y-chromosomal loci) that centralized quality control and data curation is essential to minimize error. The concepts employed for quality control involve software-aided likelihood-of-genotype, phylogenetic, and population genetic checks that allow the researchers to compare novel data to established datasets and, thus, maintain the high quality required in forensic genetics. Here, we present STRidER (http://strider.online), a publicly available, centrally curated online allele frequency database and quality control platform for autosomal STRs. STRidER expands on the previously established ENFSI DNA WG STRbASE and applies standard concepts established for haploid and autosomal markers as well as novel tools to reduce error and increase the quality of autosomal STR data. The platform constitutes a significant improvement and innovation for the scientific community, offering autosomal STR data quality control and reliable STR genotype estimates.
121 citations
TL;DR: This work describes a "hybrid" approach to signal integration that provides an accurate estimation of signal area, removing the component(s) that may arise from unrelated peaks by using the most accurate integration method for the region and removing unwanted contributions.
Abstract: Quantitative (1)H NMR (qNMR) is a widely applied technique for compound concentration and purity determinations. The NMR spectrum will display signals from all species in the sample, and this is generally a strength of the method. The key spectral determination is the full and accurate determination of one or more signal areas. Accurate peak integration can be an issue when unrelated peaks resonate in an important integral region. We describe a "hybrid" approach to signal integration that provides an accurate estimation of signal area, removing the component(s) that may arise from unrelated peaks. This is achieved by using the most accurate integration method for the region and removing unwanted contributions. The key to this performing well, and in almost all cases, is the use of areas from deconvolved peaks. We describe this process and show that it can be very successfully applied to cases where the highest precision is required and for more common cases of NMR-based quantitation.
42 citations
TL;DR: This study of aged fingerprint residues reveals that decanal is the main degradation product of the observed unsaturated fatty acids and oxoacids with different chain lengths are detected as specific degradation products of the uns saturated fatty acids.
32 citations
TL;DR: The synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMCZCA was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including NMR spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry and the enantiomeric purity of samples from test purchases and police seizures was assessed by a self-developed chiral HPLC method.
Abstract: The synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMCZCA was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including NMR spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry. The synthetic sample was found to be of S-configuration by VCD spectroscopy and comparison of the data with DFT calculations, while ECD spectroscopy was found to be inconclusive in this case. The enantiomeric purity of samples from test purchases and police seizures was assessed by a self-developed chiral HPLC method.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a seized sample of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA was studied by means of vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy and found to have (S)-configuration by comparison of the experimental spectra with density functional theory calculations.
Abstract: A seized sample of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA was studied by means of vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy and found to have (S)-configuration by comparison of the experimental spectra with density functional theory calculations. We were able to additionally confirm the absolute configuration was additionally confirmed using X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the title compound was extracted from five commercially available “Spice-like” herbal mixtures. The extracts were all found to have the same absolute configuration as the seized sample and all analyzed samples were found to be of very high optical purity as judged by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography.
18 citations
TL;DR: The forensische DNA-Analyse liefert den Ermittlungs-and Justizbehorden in vielen Fallen einen biostatistisch bewerteten Sachbeweis.
Abstract: Die forensische DNA-Analyse liefert den Ermittlungs- und Justizbehorden in vielen Fallen einen biostatistisch bewerteten Sachbeweis. Diese Bewertung resultiert aus der Anwendung von statistischen Modellen und Berechnungsansatzen. Bisher unterscheiden sich z. T. die in Deutschland verwendeten Berechnungsansatze, sodass eine generelle Vergleichbarkeit des Beweiswertes erschwert wird. Diese Heterogenitat soll durch eine einheitliche Vorgehensweise im Rahmen der Erstellung von DNA-Gutachten und deren Vertretung vor Gericht vermieden werden. In enger Abstimmung zwischen einer Projektgruppe der kriminaltechnischen Institute und der Spurenkommission wurden die nachfolgenden nationalen Empfehlungen erarbeitet, welche die Sachverstandigen bei der Prufung von DNA-Spuren hinsichtlich der Moglichkeit einer biostatistischen Bewertung, der Wahl des geeigneten Berechnungsansatzes und der Verbalisierung des Berechnungsergebnisses unterstutzen sollen.
13 citations
05 Dec 2016
TL;DR: The major topics were centred on instrumental requirements for qNMR, and the participants were in agreement that modern digital NMR spectrometers guarantee a long-term stability of measurements and calibrations, sometimes over several years.
Abstract: Author Summary: During the XIII International Conference on the Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Food Science, which was held in Karlsruhe, Germany, from 7th to 10th of June 2016, a discussion session entitled “Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR)” was organized. The conference participants had the opportunity to submit written questions as well as to ask ad-hoc questions during the session, which were to be answered by a panel of qNMR experts from several application fields. This article provides an edited and referenced transcript of the session. The major topics were centred on instrumental requirements for qNMR, and the participants were in agreement that modern digital NMR spectrometers guarantee a long-term stability of measurements and calibrations, sometimes over several years. However, the panel also agreed that method validation is an absolute necessity in qNMR as in every other field of quantitative analytical chemistry. Validation strategies may depend on the purpose of the method and vary between multi-component analyses of foods and beverages, compared to single target assays e.g. in verification of reference standards. Approaches to establish limits of detection and to ensure the required method accuracy were suggested. The discussion was closed with a general agreement of the experts that qNMR in food science will gain a wider application range in the future. The necessity to abolish regulatory hindrances – including the approval of using qNMR in reference methods – was stressed.
10 citations
TL;DR: Footwear, masking, and fatigue were interpreted as disturbance parameters, each being a cause for gait pattern variability and complicating the inference of identity of persons in video recordings.
9 citations
TL;DR: The discrimination power of HR-MAS is demonstrated by the fact that more tape groups can be distinguished by NMR spectroscopy than by using the combined evaluation of several commonly used analytical techniques.
Abstract: The application of high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy is ideally suited for the differentiation of plastics. In addition to the actual material composition, the different types of polymer architectures and tacticity provide characteristic signals in the fingerprint of the 1H NMR spectra. The method facilitates forensic comparison, as even small amounts of insoluble but swellable plastic particles are utilized. The performance of HR-MAS NMR can be verified against other methods that were recently addressed in various articles about forensic tape comparison. In this study samples of the 90 electrical tapes already referenced by the FBI laboratory were used. The discrimination power of HR-MAS is demonstrated by the fact that more tape groups can be distinguished by NMR spectroscopy than by using the combined evaluation of several commonly used analytical techniques. An additional advantage of this robust and quick method is the very simple sample preparation.
6 citations
TL;DR: An easier data acquisition method was developed without the need to de-solder flash memory chips, due to the presence of new files and the differences in data formats found in these devices.
4 citations
TL;DR: This research presents a meta-analyses of the determinants of remission of central nervous system disease in rats using a probabilistic approach and shows clear trends in prognosis and remission rates that are consistent with previous studies of canine coronavirus.
Abstract: Author(s): Fechner, Uli; de Graaf, Chris; Torda, Andrew E; Gussregen, Stefan; Evers, Andreas; Matter, Hans; Hessler, Gerhard; Richmond, Nicola J; Schmidtke, Peter; Segler, Marwin HS; Waller, Mark P; Pleik, Stefanie; Shea, Joan-Emma; Levine, Zachary; Mullen, Ryan; van den Broek, Karina; Epple, Matthias; Kuhn, Hubert; Truszkowski, Andreas; Zielesny, Achim; Fraaije, Johannes Hans; Gracia, Ruben Serral; Kast, Stefan M; Bulusu, Krishna C; Bender, Andreas; Yosipof, Abraham; Nahum, Oren; Senderowitz, Hanoch; Krotzky, Timo; Schulz, Robert; Wolber, Gerhard; Bietz, Stefan; Rarey, Matthias; Zimmermann, Markus O; Lange, Andreas; Ruff, Manuel; Heidrich, Johannes; Onlia, Ionut; Exner, Thomas E; Boeckler, Frank M; Bermudez, Marcel; Firaha, Dzmitry S; Holloczki, Oldamur; Kirchner, Barbara; Tautermann, Christofer S; Volkamer, Andrea; Eid, Sameh; Turk, Samo; Rippmann, Friedrich; Fulle, Simone; Saleh, Noureldin; Saladino, Giorgio; Gervasio, Francesco L; Haensele, Elke; Banting, Lee; Whitley, David C; Oliveira Santos, Jana Sopkova-de; Bureau, Ronan; Clark, Timothy; Sandmann, Achim; Lanig, Harald; Kibies, Patrick; Heil, Jochen; Hoffgaard, Franziska; Frach, Roland; Engel, Julian; Smith, Steven; Basu, Debjit; Rauh, Daniel; Kohlbacher, Oliver; Boeckler, Frank M; Essex, Jonathan W; Bodnarchuk, Michael S; Ross, Gregory A; Finkelmann, Arndt R; Goller, Andreas H; Schneider, Gisbert; Husch, Tamara; Schutter, Christoph; Balducci, Andrea; Korth, Martin; Ntie-Kang, Fidele; Gunther, Stefan; Sippl, Wolfgang; Mbaze, Luc Meva'a
TL;DR: The resulting methodical protocol is suitable for analyzing un-cut heroin which can be anticipated to comprise the original microbiota from the drug's original source without interference from contaminations introduced by cutting.