Showing papers by "Hasanuddin University published in 2022"

Biorefining of oil palm empty fruit bunches for bioethanol and xylitol production in Indonesia: A review

Abstract: Indonesia has an intensive agro-industrial sector which evolves large volumes of residues each year. Currently, these residues are under-utilized and have a deleterious impact on the environment, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFBs) in particular are highly abundant and offer good potential for conversion to bioenergy and bio-based products, in particular bioethanol and xylitol (widely used as an artificial sweetener and can substitute sugar in food and pharmaceutical industries). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the techno-economic opportunities and challenges for the wider utilization of OPEFBs for the generation of bioethanol and xylitol in Indonesia. This review highlights the significant potential for the valorization of OPEFB based on resource availability in the country (828 MWe/year or 45.86 Mt/year) and growing demand for both bioethanol (from 0.22 billion L in 2019 to 10.38 billion L in 2025) and xylitol (up to 2.20 kt in 2020). Various process configurations were explored to assess the potential for simultaneous co-production of bioethanol and xylitol. A mass balance and techno-economic assessment showed that the preferred scenario was Scenario 3 (co-production of bioethanol with xylitol and lignin) and that this has the potential to generate 46,145 kL bioethanol, 7.716 kt xylitol, and 25.704 kt lignin per year. This is significant given the limited production for both bioethanol and xylitol in the country currently. Further work is required to address challenges around technical, policy and supply chains. This work provides an original and novel strategy to support the wider adoption of commercially viable bioethanol production in Indonesia.

Numerical Analysis of Pressure Profiles and Energy Dissipation across Stepped Spillways Having Curved Risers

Abstract: In this study, curved risers stepped spillways models based on the increasing angle of suspension were tested to check for improvement in energy dissipation and pressure distributions. Four fourteen-steps stepped spillway models with a slope 1:0.84 were selected, using Froude’s number non-dimensional similarity. The risers of steps were made curved, based on three angles of suspensions, i.e., 30°, 60°, and 90°. The simulations were performed by FLOW 3D software and by the turbulence model Renormalization Group (RNG) for discharges between 0.020 and 0.068 m3/s followed by the model calibration. The 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were solved, which included sub-grid models for air entrainment, density evaluation, and drift–flux, to capture free-surface flow over the stepped spillway. It was estimated that curving the risers increases the energy dissipation up to three percent for lower flow rates, whereas it has no significant impact on energy dissipation for higher flow rates. It was found that in simply stepped spillway lower steps dissipate more energy as compared to curved risers stepped where energy dissipation is shifted to higher steps. On the other hand, curved risers stepped spillways showed lower values of negative pressures as compared to the simply stepped spillway. It was seen that a higher energy dissipating step as experienced more negative pressures as compared to the lower energy dissipating step.

The taste of home: the construction of social relationships through commensality amongst female malay students in the united kingdom

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Commensality is an act of eating together among migrant communities as a means of passing down the culture and ethnic identity. There is very limited discussion on commensality that pays attention to food sharing and eating that extends beyond the traditional forms of social relationships, identity, and space among the Malay community abroad. Thus, this article aims to explore the connections of social relationships through food, space and identity amongst female Malay students in the United Kingdom. Methodology: This research is based on one-year ethnographic fieldwork amongst female Malaysian Muslim students in Manchester and Cardiff. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with both undergraduate and postgraduate students from sciences and social sciences courses. Besides, in-depth interviews, participant observation, conversation and fieldnotes methods were deployed as supplementary for data collection. Findings: This paper argues that cooking and eating together in a private space is a way for them to maintain social relationships and overcome stress in their studies, and fulfil their desire to create harmony and trust at home. Besides, places such as the kitchen, play an essential space in building the Malay identity and social relationships between female Malay students’ communities in the host country. Contributions: This study has contributed to an understanding of the meaning of friendship, identity, space, and the discussion on the anthropology of food from international students’ perspectives and migration studies. Keywords: Food and identity, commensality, Malay students, friendship, international students. Cite as: Ibnu, I. N. (2022). The taste of home: The construction of social relationships through commensality amongst female Malay students in the United Kingdom. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 316-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp316-334

Priapism due to chronic myelocytic leukemia.

Abstract: Priapism is defined as a whole or partial penile erection that persists for more than 4 hours without stimulation. Hematologic disorders are a significant risk factor for ischemic priapism. Here, we report a case of priapism due to chronic myelocytic leukemia. This is rare considering that the epidemiology of priapism in hematologic malignancies includes only 1% of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Priapism has a relatively high complication rate, and management generally focuses on prompt treatment. Hematologic screening should be performed to rule out the possibility of these disorders that could underlie priapism.

The relationship between glycine levels in collagen in the anterior rectus sheath tissue and the onset of indirect inguinal hernia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract: An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Protection against an inguinal hernia depends on the integrity of fascial tissue, which is maintained by collagen. Collagen is a structural protein consisting of amino acids, the most common of which is glycine. This study aimed to determine the relationship between glycine and the appearance of lateral inguinal hernias. To this end, the researchers examined the profile of collagen and glycine levels in the tissue of the sheath of the rectus femoris in patients with lateral inguinal hernia (indirect inguinal hernia).The study used a cross-sectional design to determine glycine levels in rectus anterior sheath tissue in patients with indirect inguinal hernia. Examination of collagen glycine levels was conducted using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay) method. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program. An ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation test, and Spearman's correlation test were also performed. A p-value <0.05 was said to be significant.Across 72 samples, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.5 kg/m2 and, the mean clinical onset was 28.02 months. Correlation tests showed a correlation between glycine levels and clinical onset (p = 0.026). The ANOVA test showed a difference between glycine levels with age group (p = 0.025) and BMI (p = 0.015). The correlation between glycine levels and clinical-grade (p = 0.416) was not statistically significant.There is a significant relationship between glycine levels and age, BMI, and clinical onset of indirect inguinal hernia.

Multiprocessing implementation for MCNP using Python

Abstract: Abstract Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) is a widely-used code in nuclear engineering, but it needs high computation times due to the tracking of every single particle and interaction event. This causes shielding optimization using trial-and-error to take long times to complete. It can be solved by using multiprocessing, but this requires the MCNP source code which can be difficult to obtain. Therefore, this paper aims to suggest a solution on how Python can be used to run multiple instances of the code in shielding optimization. Two hardware setups were tested: one with a dual-core CPU, and one with a six-core CPU. Each of them would run several repeated simulations with and without multiprocessing enabled. Comparisons were made between each case of the same setup to observe the improvements in completion time. A tutorial of the Python algorithm is also provided in the methodology.

A review of oil palm fruit fiber reinforced composites

Abstract: Abstract Oil palm fibers have been developed as reinforcement in the composite. These fibers can be produced from fruit, trunk, and frond of oil palm. In this review, the oil palm fruit fiber for reinforcing composite was focused. Oil palm fruit fibers consist of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fruit (MF) fibers. The chemical composition and characteristics of oil palm fruit fiber are described. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite are reported to be related to the surface treatment of EFB and MF fibers. Applications of such fiber composite are included in this review. From some researches, the surface treatment methods for MF and EFB fibers as reinforcement composite was conducted with using alkali, silane, acryilic acid, acetic anhydride, hydogen peroxide, microwave, and superheated steam. The effect of these surface treatments on oil palm EFB and MF fibers displayed the improvement of the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of the composite due to enhance the interface adhesion between fiber and matrix after treatment of fibers.

Molecular modelling on multiepitope-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made a worldwide health emergency. Despite the fact that current vaccines are readily available, several SARSCoV-2 variants affecting the existing vaccine are to be less effective due to the mutations in the structural proteins. Furthermore, the appearance of the new variants cannot be easily predicted in the future. Therefore, the attempts to construct new vaccines or to modify the current vaccines are still pivotal works for preventing the spread of the virus. In the present investigation, the computational analysis through immunoinformatics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is employed to construct an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV2. The structural proteins of SARS-CoV2 are utilized to create a multiepitope-based vaccine (MEV). According to our findings presented by systematic procedures in the current investigation, the MEV construct may be able to trigger a strong immunological response against the virus. Therefore, the designed MEV could be a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2, and also it is expected to be effective for other variants.

Classical to Quantum Software Migration Journey Begins: A Conceptual Readiness Model

Abstract: With recent advances in the development of more powerful quantum computers, the research area of quantum software engineering is emerging. Quantum software plays a critical role in exploiting the full potential of quantum computing systems. As a result, it has been drawing increasing attention recently to provide concepts, principles, and guidelines to address the ongoing challenges of quantum software development. The importance of the topic motivated us to voice out a call for action to develop a readiness model that will help an organization assess its capability of migration from classic software engineering to quantum software engineering. The proposed model will be based on the existing multivocal literature, industrial empirical study, understanding of the process areas, challenging factors and enablers that could impact the quantum software engineering process. We believe that the proposed model will provide a roadmap for software development organizations to measure their readiness concerning to transformation from classic to quantum software engineering by suggesting best practices and highlighting important process areas, challenges, and enablers.

The governance of coastal and marine social–ecological systems: Indonesia and beyond

Abstract: Human–nature interactions are at the root of sustainability problems worldwide. For the Indonesian coastal and marine realm, this chapter asks: How does governance affect, and how might it transform, human, and societal behavior in the coastal and marine realm toward greater ecological and social sustainability? Equipped with definitions of key social science terms (including governance, institutions, social–ecological systems), the reader is introduced to major changes, issues, and sectors in Indonesian coastal governance. Major policy recommendations at the end of subsections on the governance of (1) mangroves, (2) fisheries and aquaculture, (3) watersheds and land use, (4) marine and coastal conservation, (5) coastal livelihoods and social needs, and (6) pollution are presented. In line with the need for integrated planning, overlaps and trade-offs between these sectoral recommendations are identified and, within a theoretical framework of adaptive, evolutionary, and anticipatory governance, a set of generic suggestions for integrated inclusive governance approaches is proposed. Abstrak Interaksi antara manusia dan alam adalah dasar dari masalah keberlanjutan di seluruh dunia. Untuk wilayah pesisir dan laut Indonesia, bab ini bertanya: bagaimana pengaruh tata kelola, dan bagaimana hal itu mengubah perilaku manusia dan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir dan kelautan menuju keberlanjutan ekologis dan sosial yang lebih baik? Dilengkapi dengan definisi istilah utama ilmu sosial (termasuk tata kelola, lembaga, sistem sosial-ekologis), pembaca diperkenalkan dengan perubahan-perubahan, masalah dan sektor utama dalam tata kelola pesisir Indonesia. Di akhir subbagian, disajikan rekomendasi kebijakan utama tentang tata kelola dari 1. Hutan bakau, 2. Perikanan dan akuakultur, 3. Daerah aliran sungai dan penggunaan lahan, 4. Konservasi laut dan pesisir, 5. Mata pencaharian pesisir dan kebutuhan sosial, dan 6. Polusi. Sejalan dengan kebutuhan untuk perencanaan terpadu, tumpang tindih dan trade-off antara rekomendasi sektoral diidentifikasi, dan dalam kerangka teoritis tata kelola adaptif, serta evolusi dan antisipatif, serangkaian saran umum untuk pendekatan tata kelola inklusif terintegrasi ditampilkan dalam bab ini.

effects of anemia education using web-based she smart to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice in adolescent girls

Abstract: Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the bloodless than normal numbers according to the sex and age group. The impact of anemia in adolescents is a decrease in achievement and learning spirit and can cause symptoms such as paleness, lethargy, decreased appetite, and growth disorders. Anemia has an impact not only on the health of adolescent girls but can have a long impact on the health of the mother and fetus. You can see the influence of anemia education on knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Uses the Pre-experimental method with the design of one group pretest and posttest. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with the number of 47 adolescent girls. The research was conducted at Senior High School 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Data analysis using the McNemar test. From the results of statistical tests showed that there was an influence on the use of web-based she smart education model on the use of adolescent girls about anemia with p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), attitude p-value = 0.016 (p<0.05) and action p-value = 0.001 (p<0.05). Anemia education using web-based she smart can improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice before and after an intervention.

Tata Laksana Pasien Kritis pada Sumber Daya Terbatas

Abstract: Latar belakang: Perawatan kritis merupakan komponen penting dari sistem perawatan kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Idealnya perawatan pasien sakit kritis di unit perawatan intensif (ICU) dikelola dengan tenaga kesehatan profesional yang sangat terspesialisasi, pemantauan secara sistematis dan penggunaan peralatan penunjang yang lengkap. Sayangnya, komponen ini tidak selalu tersedia terutama pada fasilitas kesehatan pesisir yang terbatas sumber daya. Hal ini berpotensi menyebabkan beban penyakit lebih besar dan hasil lebih buruk sehingga diperlukan pendekatan khusus dalam pelayanan perawatan kritis.Kasus: Perempuan 71 tahun body max index (BMI) 21,3 dikonsulkan perawatan ICU dengan diagnosis sementara bendungan paru akut dan pneumonia. Tata laksana pasien sepsis dan bendungan paru akut dengan menggunakan panduan parameter klinis dan memanfaatkan sumber daya dengan segala keterbatasannya.Pembahasan: Mengenali pasien dengan sepsis merupakan langkah penting untuk pengobatan yang efektif. Namun, pada tempat dengan sumber daya terbatas, definisi sepsis internasional tidak dapat sepenuhnya terpenuhi. Modifikasi definisi sepsis, sepsis beratn dan syok sepsis diperlukan agar bisa diterapkan pada situasi apapun termasuk tempat dengan sumber daya terbatas.Kesimpulan: Sepsis dan bendungan paru merupakan kondisi gawat darurat yang memerlukan terapi agresif dalam upaya penyematanan jiwa. Meskipun dengan semua keterbatasan yang ada, terapi agresif harus tetap dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan panduan literatur dan mengikuti perkembangan klinis yang ditunjukkan oleh pasien.

Threats of Microplastic Pollution on Aquaculture Activities in Indonesia

Abstract: Aquaculture is a growing fisheries sector. Along with the growth of aquaculture, water quality problems become one of the main factors that need to be considered, especially related to pollution pressure. Microplastic (MPs) is a pollutant sourced from anthropogenic activities and is currently in the spotlight and has been widely studied in aquatic environments around the world. However, in Indonesia, research related to MP especially in term of aquaculture activities is still lacking. The presence of MP in aquaculture activities can originate from internal sources such as the use of unmaintained aquaculture equipment/facilities and the use of feed contaminated with MP. Then, the external source of MP at the cultivation location can come from water sources that come from an environment that has been previously polluted by MP. Maintenance of aquaculture equipment/facilities, search for alternative feed raw microplastic free materials and protection of the aquatic environment from MPs are some of the ways to reduce the presence of MP in aquaculture sites. The existence of MP in aquaculture activities is related to food safety of aquaculture commodities.

The UN MDGs in Indonesia: Analyzing Its Failure in Eradicating Poverty in Indonesia

Abstract: The United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), an international development movement oriented towards human welfare and global poverty eradication with measurable goals and targets, had hit the deadline by 2015. Its implementation reaped various contestations and claims regarding its success and failures in eradicating poverty in Indonesia. The Indonesian government claimed to have succeeded (on the track) in meeting the MDGs targets in eradicating poverty by reducing half of the number of Indonesians who earn one dollar per day (purchasing power parity/PPP) for the period 1990-2015. Meanwhile, the reality on the ground showed the contrast. Many Indonesian people lived in poverty and had minimal access to public health and education facilities. UNESCAP reported that Indonesia was one of the countries in the Asia Pacific region, which was alarming to achieve the MDGs. Based on such contradictions regarding the MDGs' poverty eradication mission in Indonesia, this article aims to examine why the MDGs program had not been able to overcome the problem of poverty in Indonesia? This article employs norm life cycle (dynamics) theory to investigate the problem behind UN MDGs' inability to overcome poverty in Indonesia. UN MDGs were considered a global norm in this article, substantiating the poverty eradication mission. Using the norm life cycle theory theorizing the three stages of norm development, starting from norm emergence, cascade, and internalization, this article reviews and investigates how Indonesia had dealt and performed in each of those norm life cycle stages within the framework of global poverty eradication norm. Based on the theoretical approach used, this article argues that the inability of UN MDGs to resolve poverty in Indonesia was due to the excessive use of statistical and quantitative basis of poverty eradication efforts rather than a more qualitative and welfare building approaches. Moreover, a systemic problem existed upon MDGs' coordination and implementation on the Indonesian government and donor countries/institutions. It included the lack of commitment to official development aid (ODA) realization, renegotiation and elimination of Indonesia's foreign debt, and rampant corruption in the national development and poverty eradication funds.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Strength of Dentin Replacement in Complex Posterior Tooth Restoration

Abstract: Due to the increasing interest in direct restoration, there is a need to address the shortcomings of these restorations, mainly by increasing the longevity of complex direct restorations. The present study aimed to evaluate the tensile strength differences in the complex restoration of posterior teeth with dentin replacement constructed by fiber and non-fiber materials. The samples were extracted from the mandibular permanent-molar and prepared using a complex cavity. The cavity was subsequently restored with the centripetal incremental technique using a nano-fill composite and different base materials, namely fiber dentin replacement, non-fiber dentin replacement, and flowable composite. The universal testing machine was used to consider the tensile strength and the fracture patterns were assessed using stereomicroscopy, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. No significant differences were noted in the tensile strength of the three base materials. By using stereomicroscopy and SEM, the adhesive fracture patterns were observed more clearly in the cavities with fiber-based dentin replacement, whereas mixed fracture patterns were evident in cavities with non-fiber dentin replacement and flowable composite bases. The results indicated that the addition of fiber in dentin replacement did not affect the tensile strength in the complex restoration. Therefore, dentin replacement of both fiber and non-fiber materials is applicable as a base material for complex restoration of the posterior tooth.

Penawaran

Abstract: Dalam buku Ekonomi Mikro Teori dan Aplikasi (2017) Sigit Sardjono, penawaran dalam teori ekonomi memiliki arti berbagai jumlah barang yang ditawarkan pada berbagai tingkat harga dalam periode tertentu. Penawaran adalah hubungan antara harga dengan kuantitas untuk setiap unit waktu yang akan dijual oleh penjual.

Human interventions in rivers and estuaries of Java and Sumatra

Abstract: Indonesia's rivers are of global importance in terms of their dissolved and particulate fluxes as well as in terms of the controlling natural factors and the human interventions in their catchments. The rivers of the volcanic islands of Java and Sumatra have been affected by different kinds of anthropogenic environmental transformation. While on Java river damming, urbanization and agriculture under irrigation have strongly affected water quality and dissolved and particulate river loads since the late 19th century, the recent degradation of peatlands and conversion to plantations strongly affect water quality, dissolved organic carbon fluxes, and dissolved oxygen in rivers on Sumatra. In this chapter, the Brantas River on Java and the blackwater river Siak on Sumatra serve as the main examples illustrating the interplay between natural control factors and human interventions in watersheds and the related socioeconomic and governance issues. The last part of this chapter provides directions for future research and recommendations for policy and society. Abstrak Sungai-sungai di Indonesia memegang peranan penting dalam hal aliran muatan padatan terlarut dan tersuspensi, sebagaimana juga dalam hal pengaturan berbagai pengaruh alamiah dan aktifitas manusia di daerah tangkapannya. Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera menjadi fokus perhatian khususnya karena laju perubahan tata guna lahan yang tinggi. Masalah utama di Pulau Jawa yang terkait dengan sungai adalah pembendungan sungai, laju urbanisasi yang tinggi dan irigasi pertanian yang berakibat kepada perubahan beban padatan tersuspensi dan terlarut. Sementara fokus di Pulau Sumatera adalah tentang perubahan rawa gambut menjadi lahan perkebunan yang berakibat kepada perubahan kualitas air, seperti aliran karbon organik terlarut, dan kandungan oksigen terlarut. Sungai Brantas di Jawa dan Sungai Siak di Sumatera dapat menjadi contoh dari interaksi antara pengaruh faktor alamiah dan manusia di daerah aliran sungai dengan berbagai faktor sosial ekonomi dan isu pengelolaan yang berujung pada isu pemanfaatan berlebih dan kerusakan lingkungan. Akhirnya, penelitian ini juga memberikan arahan untuk topik-topik penelitian prioritas dan rekomendasi bagi berbagai kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan di masa datang.

Study of the distribution of lead (Pb) on mangrove roots (Rhizophora mucronata) and the utilization of mangrove roots as solid fuel

Abstract: Abstract Industrial activities can produce valuable products as well as produce waste that can cause disturb and endanger survival of the living things. This research discusses distribution of lead (Pb) concentrations in Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots which was studied through diffusion equation model and utilizes the Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots as an alternative fuel. The production and testing of charcoal in this study used a simple household scale method by varying time of coking and testing of the gases resulting from charcoal containing harmful emission gases by the test method for survival experiment on insects. The result of this research is he finite difference method used in this study can poorly represent the process of lead absorption by mangrove roots as measured by a relatively high error. The lead concentration was distributed downwardly from root bark to center of the root and difference in distribution of lead concentration in each layer decreased from the first day to the thirtieth day. Solid fuel from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove roots according to or meet the standards of SNI 01-1682-1989, namely yield test value of 37.48%, moisture content test of 3.46%, test for the content of the volatile substance 25.87%, ash content test of 1.79%.

The application of the peer assisted learning method in laboratory skills of newborn physical examination learning in diii midwifery students

Abstract: Introduction: Learning methods are used to realize the applied learning strategies. Each learning method has its most prominent learning domain, such as cognitive (change of knowledge), affective (change of behavior), and psychomotor (change or improvement of skill). Midwifery is a profession that requires specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills that must be possessed and mastered. The process of achieving good competence of midwives starts with midwifery education. In achieving competence, midwifery students need theoretical and practical learning experiences in laboratory clinical skills. The Learning Pyramid developed by the National Training Laboratory shows that most students remember 90% of what they learn by teaching others. Objective: Determining the effect of the peer-assisted learning method application in laboratory skills for the physical examination of newborns learning. Method: This research used a Quasi-Experimental design with a pretest-posttest design. The sample was 30 students taken through the quota sampling technique, and the analysis used was the Wilcoxon Test. Result: The Peer-Assisted Learning method affected the learning outcome of skills in the physical examination of newborns with a significance level of P = 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: The Peer-Assisted Learning method improves the physical examination skills of newborns of DIII midwifery students.